F. Long answer type questions 1. Distinguish between the following: (a) Weathering and erosion (b) Active volcanoes and dormant volcanoes 2. With the help of diagram explain the formation of an 'ox-bow lake'. 3. Explain briefly the work of wind as an agent of erosion. 4. The earth experiences about a million of earthquakes every year, about two earthquakes per minute. What can we do to minimize the effects of earthquakes? (HOTS] 5. "Weathering refers to processes that break the rocks into smaller and smaller pieces". Does weathering provide some benefits also? Explain. [Value Based Question)
Answers
Answer:
A ) Erosion refers to the displacement of the solids through wind, water and ice. Weathering refers to the decomposition of the rocks, soil and minerals through direct contact with the atmosphere. The eroded materials are displaced in the case of erosion. The weathered materials are not displaced in the case of weathering.
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B) Active volcanoes have a recent history of eruptions; they are likely to erupt again. Dormant volcanoes have not erupted for a very long time but may erupt at a future time. Extinct volcanoes are not expected to erupt in the future. Inside an active volcano is a chamber in which molten rock, called magma, collects.
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C )Oxbow lake, small lake located in an abandoned meander loop of a river channel. ... If only one loop is cut off, the lake formed will be crescent shaped, whereas if more than one loop is cut off, the lake will be serpentine or winding.
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D)Wind is an agent of transport, most agents of transport have erosive effects . Wind carries sand which hitting the surface damages it (producing more sand), removes any small loose particles reducing the surface.
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Answer:
1. Weathering and erosion are both natural geological processes which act on the matter on the surface of the earth such as rocks and soil and causes them to move and reshape the surface of the earth. Weathering refers to the breaking up of the rocks into smaller fragments that ultimately changes the size and structure of the rocks. Forces of nature are for the most part responsible for this process. Erosion, on the other hand, involves several processes such as wind, water flow, and movement of ice, which results in the change from one location to another.
2.An oxbow lake is formed when a river creates a meander,because of the river's eroding bank. After a long period’s time, the meander turns very curved, then eventually the neck of the meander turns narrower and the river cuts through the neck, resulting in cutting off the meander and forming an oxbow lake
3.A variety of soil movement is due to wind erosion. These movements are divided into three types that are suspension ,creep and saltation. When wind takes fine particles of the soil over a long distance then it is called suspension. In the process of creep soil particles roll over an area and saltation is the primary movement of the soil when soil particles move across a surface damaging soil surface and vegetation. Any kind of soil movement through wind causes land erosion
4.Considerable work has been done in seismology to explain the characteristics of the recorded ground motions in earthquakes. Such knowledge is needed to predict ground motions in future earthquakes so that earthquake-resistant structures can be designed. Although earthquakes cause death and destruction through such secondary effects as landslides, tsunamis, fires, and fault rupture, the greatest losses—both of lives and of property—result from the collapse of man-made structures during the violent shaking of the ground. Accordingly, the most effective way to mitigate the damage of earthquakes from an engineering standpoint is to design and construct structures capable of withstanding strong ground motions.
5. Weathering attacks the crystal boundaries of a rock. ... The above case would be chemical weathering and if the rock was buried, the process would be sped up by the higher moisture and the presence of humic acids in the soil.weathering provide some benefits also as it helps in making the soil by breaking rocks into smaller and smaller pieces . soil is helpful in planting trees and plants which provide food for human being and animals and also provide oxygen gas which is used by humans being and animals during respiration.
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