F. Short answer type questions :
1. Name the various realms of the Earth.
2. What are rocks and what are they made up of ?
3. What do you understand by tectonic plates ?
4. What is rock cycle ?
5. Define earthquakes.
6. What is a seismograph ?
7. What is a volcano ?
8. What are the causes of earthquakes ?
9. What is the Great Ring of Fire ?
10. Name the place where a major earthquake occurred on 26th January, 2001. Write about its impact in brief.
Answers
Answer:
1. We can look at Earth's surficial "layers" as being comprised of several major realms or "geospheres": the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and pedosphere.
2. A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals, or a body of undifferentiated mineral matter. Common rocks include granite, basalt, limestone, and sandstone.
3. A tectonic plate (also called lithospheric plate) is a massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere. Plate size can vary greatly, from a few hundred to thousands of kilometers across; the Pacific and Antarctic Plates are among the largest.
4. The rock cycle is a basic concept in geology that describes transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. Each rock type is altered when it is forced out of its equilibrium conditions.
5. Earthquake, any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth's rocks. ... The major fault lines of the world are located at the fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up Earth's crust. (See the table of major earthquakes.)
6. A seismometer is an instrument that responds to ground motions, such as caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and explosions. Seismometers are usually combined with a timing device and a recording device to form a seismograph
7. A volcano is an opening in the earth's crust through which lava, volcanic ash, and gases escape. ... Beneath a volcano, liquid magma containing dissolved gases rises through cracks in the Earth's crust.
8. An earthquake is caused by a sudden slip on a fault. The tectonic plates are always slowly moving, but they get stuck at their edges due to friction.
9. The Ring of Fire, also referred to as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. ... The abundance of volcanoes and earthquakes along the Ring of Fire is caused by the amount of movement of tectonic plates in the area.
10. A powerful earthquake rocked the western state of Gujarat in India at 08:46 hours (Indian Standard Time) on the 26th January 2001. The earthquake was estimated by USGS to have a Moment Magnitude of 7.9. The epicentre was reported to be near a major town called Bhuj in the Kachchh region of Gujarat.
Explanation:
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(1.) Geospheres:
-> The atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and pedosphere.
(2.) Rocks:
-> A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals, or a body of undifferentiated mineral matter. Common rocks include granite, basalt, limestone, and sandstone.
(3.) Tectonic Plates:
-> Pieces of Earth's crust and uppermost mantle, together referred to as the lithosphere.
(4.) Rock Cycle:
-> Concept used to explain how the three basic rock types are related and how Earth processes, over geologic time, change a rock from one type into another.
(5.) Earthquakes:
-> A term used to describe both sudden slip on a fault, and the resulting ground shaking and radiated seismic energy caused by the slip, or by volcanic or magmatic activity, or other sudden stress changes in the earth.
(6.) Seismograph:
-> An instrument used to detect and record earthquakes.
(7.) Volcano:
-> A rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object.
(8.) Causes of Earthquakes:
-> It is usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault.
(9.) Great Ring of Fire:
-> A ring of volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean that result from subduction of oceanic plates beneath lighter continental plates.
(10.) Major Earthquake:
-> A powerful earthquake rocked the western state of Gujarat in India at 08:46 hours (Indian Standard Time) on the 26th January 2001. The earthquake was estimated by USGS to have a Moment Magnitude of 7.9. The epicentre was reported to be near a major town called Bhuj in the Kachchh region of Gujarat.