Factorize:-
x^4 + x^2 + 1
Answers
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Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
x
4
+
x
2
+
1
=
(
x
2
+
x
+
1
)
(
x
2
−
x
+
1
)
To find this, first notice that
x
4
+
x
2
+
1
>
0
for all (real) values of
x
. So there are no linear factors, only quadratic ones.
x
4
+
x
2
+
1
=
(
a
x
2
+
b
x
+
c
)
(
d
x
2
+
e
x
+
f
)
Without bothering to multiply this out fully just yet, notice that the coefficient of
x
4
gives us
a
d
=
1
. We might as well let
a
=
1
and
d
=
1
.
...
=
(
x
2
+
b
x
+
c
)
(
x
2
+
e
x
+
f
)
Next, the coefficient of
x
3
gives us
b
+
e
=
0
, so
e
=
−
b
.
...
=
(
x
2
+
b
x
+
c
)
(
x
2
−
b
x
+
f
)
The constant term gives us
c
f
=
1
, so either
c
=
f
=
1
or
c
=
f
=
−
1
. Let's try
c
=
f
=
1
.
...
=
(
x
2
+
b
x
+
1
)
(
x
2
−
b
x
+
1
)
Note that the coefficient of
x
will vanish nicely when these are multiplied out.
Finally notice that the coefficient of
x
2
is
(
1
−
b
2
+
1
)
=
2
−
b
2
, giving us
1
=
2
−
b
2
, thus
b
2
=
1
, so
b
=
1
or
b
=
−
1
.