Factors responsible for the monsoon type of climate in india
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●Location and Latitudinal Extent: The mainland of India extends roughly from 8°N to 37°N and the Tropic of Cancer of passes through the middle of the country.
●Distance from the Sea: Areas near the coast have equable or mariline climate.
●The Northern Mountain Ranges:As mentioned earlier, India is separated from the rest of Asia by the impenetrable wall of the Himalayan mountain ranges. These ranges protect India from the bitterly cold and dry winds of Central Asia during winter.
●Physiography:Physiography of India has a great bearing on major elements of climate such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, direction of winds and the amount of rainfall. In fact, physical map of India is very closely related to the climatic conditions of the country. Places located at higher altitude have cool climate even though they are located in the peninsular India, i.e., Ooty.
●Monsoon Winds:The most dominating factor of the Indian climate is the ‘monsoon winds’ as a result of which it is often called the monsoon climate. The complete reversal of the monsoon winds brings about a sudden change in the seasons—the harsh summer season suddenly giving way to eagerly awaited monsoon or rainy season.
●Upper Air Circulation:The changes in the upper air circulation over Indian landmass influence the climate of India to a great extent. Jet streams in the upper air system influence the Indian climate in the following ways:
(i) Westerly Jet Stream
(ii) Easterly Jet
●Tropical Cyclones and Western Disturbances:The western disturbances originate over the Mediterranean sea and travel eastward under the influence of westerly jet stream. They influence the winter weather conditions over most of Northern plains and Western Himalayan region.
●El-Nino Effect:El-Nino is a narrow warm current which occasionally appears off the coast of Peru in December. It is a temporary replacement of the cold Peru Current which normally flows along the coast. This current is responsible for wide spread floods and droughts in the tropical regions of the world.
●La Nina:After an El-Nino, weather conditions return to normal. However, sometimes trade winds become so strong that they cause abnormal accumulation of cold water in the central and eastern Pacific region. This event is called La Nina, which in effect is the complete opposition of El Nino. A La Nina also marks an active hurricane season. But in India, the presence of La Nina portends exceptionally good news. It is the harbinger of heavy monsoon showers in India.
●Southern Oscillation:There is a strange linkage of meteorological changes often observed between the Indian and the Pacific Oceans. It has been noticed that whenever the surface level pressure is high over the Indian Ocean, there is low pressure over the Pacific Ocean and vice-versa.
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☆☆☆Hope this will help you☆☆☆
●Distance from the Sea: Areas near the coast have equable or mariline climate.
●The Northern Mountain Ranges:As mentioned earlier, India is separated from the rest of Asia by the impenetrable wall of the Himalayan mountain ranges. These ranges protect India from the bitterly cold and dry winds of Central Asia during winter.
●Physiography:Physiography of India has a great bearing on major elements of climate such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, direction of winds and the amount of rainfall. In fact, physical map of India is very closely related to the climatic conditions of the country. Places located at higher altitude have cool climate even though they are located in the peninsular India, i.e., Ooty.
●Monsoon Winds:The most dominating factor of the Indian climate is the ‘monsoon winds’ as a result of which it is often called the monsoon climate. The complete reversal of the monsoon winds brings about a sudden change in the seasons—the harsh summer season suddenly giving way to eagerly awaited monsoon or rainy season.
●Upper Air Circulation:The changes in the upper air circulation over Indian landmass influence the climate of India to a great extent. Jet streams in the upper air system influence the Indian climate in the following ways:
(i) Westerly Jet Stream
(ii) Easterly Jet
●Tropical Cyclones and Western Disturbances:The western disturbances originate over the Mediterranean sea and travel eastward under the influence of westerly jet stream. They influence the winter weather conditions over most of Northern plains and Western Himalayan region.
●El-Nino Effect:El-Nino is a narrow warm current which occasionally appears off the coast of Peru in December. It is a temporary replacement of the cold Peru Current which normally flows along the coast. This current is responsible for wide spread floods and droughts in the tropical regions of the world.
●La Nina:After an El-Nino, weather conditions return to normal. However, sometimes trade winds become so strong that they cause abnormal accumulation of cold water in the central and eastern Pacific region. This event is called La Nina, which in effect is the complete opposition of El Nino. A La Nina also marks an active hurricane season. But in India, the presence of La Nina portends exceptionally good news. It is the harbinger of heavy monsoon showers in India.
●Southern Oscillation:There is a strange linkage of meteorological changes often observed between the Indian and the Pacific Oceans. It has been noticed that whenever the surface level pressure is high over the Indian Ocean, there is low pressure over the Pacific Ocean and vice-versa.
.
.
☆☆☆Hope this will help you☆☆☆
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(Location and Latitudinal Extent: The mainland of India extends roughly from 8°N to 37°N and the Tropic of Cancer of passes through the middle of the country. ...Distance from the Sea: Areas near the coast have equable or mariline climate.) ...(The Northern Mountain Ranges:) ...(Physiography): ..(.Monsoon Winds: )...(Upper Air Circulation:)
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