Question

Figure 4 is an elevation map with elevation diagrams (cross sections) of South America. Use the diagrams of elevation profiles and the elevation map to write an explanation why Lima or Sarmiento is so dry even though the rainforest nearby gets so much rain.
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Answer 1

Three principal factors control the features of South America’s climate. The first and most important of them are the subtropical high-pressure air masses over the South Atlantic and South Pacific oceans and their seasonal shifts in position, which determine both large-scale patterns of wind circulation and the location of the rain-bearing intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). The second is the presence of cold ocean currents along the continent’s western side, which affect both air temperatures and precipitation along the Pacific coast; on the Atlantic coast, warm currents are predominant. Finally, the orographic barrier of the Andes produces a vast rain shadow over much of the southern tier of the continent.

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Answer 2

Answer: f ≈ r/2 is the answer