fill in the blanks of class 10 chapter 1 in History
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Answer:
Chapter 1 – The Rise Of Nationalism In Europe
Fill in the blanks
1] In 1848, Frédéric Sorrieu, a French artist, prepared a series of four prints visualizing his dream of a world made up of ‘democratic and social Republics’.
2] In Sorrieu’s utopian vision, the peoples of the world are grouped as distinct nations, identified through their flags and national costume.
3] Absolutist, in history, the term refers to a form of monarchical government that was centralized, militarized and repressive.
3] During the nineteenth century, nationalism emerged as a force which brought about sweeping changes in the political and mental world of Europe.
4] The concept of nationalism led to emergence of the nation-state in place of the multi-national dynastic empires of Europe.
5] A direct vote by which all the people of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal is known as Plebiscite.
6] France was a full-fledged territorial state in 1789 under the rule of an absolute monarch.
7] The political and constitutional changes that came in the wake of the French Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens.
8] The Civil Code of 1804 was known as the Napoleonic Code.
9] Napoleonic wars began when Napoleon invaded Italy in 1797.
10] The Greek struggle for independence began in 1821.
11] The Unification of Italy occurred between the years 1859 – 1870.
12] The Unification of Germany occurred between the years 1866 – 1871.
13] The Habsburg Empire ruled over Austria-Hungary.
14] In Hungary, half of the population spoke Magyar while the other half spoke a variety of dialects.
15] In Galicia, the aristocracy spoke Polish language.
16] Industrialization began in England in the second half of the eighteenth century, but in France and parts of the German states it occurred only during the nineteenth century.
17] The term ‘liberalism’ derives from the Latin root liber, meaning free.
18] In the economic sphere, liberalism stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital.
19] In 1834, a customs union or zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia and joined by most of the German states.
20] Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism.
21] The objective of Treaty of Vienna of 1815 was undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars.
22] Conservative regimes set up in 1815 were autocratic in nature.
23] The first upheaval took place in France in July 1830.
24] Greece had been part of the Ottoman Empire since the fifteenth century.
25] The Treaty of Constantinople of 1832 recognized Greece as an independent nation.
26] The German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder claimed that true German culture was to be discovered among the common people das volk.
27] The Habsburg rulers granted more autonomy to the Hungarians in 1867.
28] In January 1871, the Prussian king, William I, was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles.
29] During the middle of the nineteenth century, Italy was divided into seven states.
30] Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic.
31] Giuseppe Mazzini formed a secret society called Young Italy for the dissemination of his goals.
32] Sardinia-Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859.
33] In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of united Italy.
34] Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom in 1801.
35] During the French Revolution artists used the female allegory to portray ideas such as Liberty, Justice and the Republic.
36] Germania became the allegory of the German nation.
37] The symbol of Crown of oak leaves meant heroism.
38] the most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871 was the area called the Balkans.
39] A large part of the Balkans was under the control of the Ottoman Empire.
Define:
A] Absolutist – Literally, a government or system of rule that has no restraints on the power exercised. In history, the term refers to a form of monarchical government that was centralized, militarized and repressive.
B] Utopian – A vision of a society that is so ideal that it is unlikely to actually exist.
C] Plebiscite – A direct vote by which all the people of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal.
D] Conservatism – A political philosophy that stressed the importance of tradition, established institutions and customs, and preferred gradual development to quick change.
E] Ideology – System of ideas reflecting a particular social and political vision.
Explanation: