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1. Introduction
Objectives
Overview
2. Key Concepts
Introduction
Prairies
Velds
3. Comics
The Velds
4. Quizzes
Check Your Understanding
Check your understanding of the prairies.
Who am I?
5. Did You Know?
Interesting Facts
6. Etymology
Prairie
Veld
Pampas
Steppes
Savannah
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Chapter 9 - Life in the Temperate Grasslands
Our Environment
Prairies
The temperate grasslands of North America are known as the prairies. They are regions of flat, gently sloping or hilly land, with grass up to two metres high, and they're called 'seas of grass'.
Most parts of the prairies are treeless, but there are forests in the low lying plains surrounding valleys of rivers.
They are surrounded by the Rocky Mountains (the Rockies) in the west and the Great Lakes in the east, and cover most parts of the USA and Canada.
In the USA, the grasslands are drained by the Mississippi river and its tributaries, and in Canada they are drained by the Saskatchewan river and its tributaries.
Climate
Since it is in the centre of the continent, the climate is of the continental type with extreme temperatures.
The summers are warm, with the average temperatures around 20° Celsius. Winters are cold with average temperatures of -20° Celsius, and the region is covered in a thick blanket of snow.
The average rainfall is moderate and enough for the growth of grass.
Due to the absence of a north-south barrier to the grasslands, a wind known as 'chinook' blows in this region, making the temperatures extreme.
Flora and Fauna
Prairies are practically treeless, but where water is available trees like willows, alders, and poplars grow.
Places that receive an average rainfall of 50cm are suitable for agriculture and crops such as maize (the major crop), potatoes, soyabean, cotton, and alfa-alfa.
Areas where rain is little or unreliable and the grass is short and sparse are used for cattle rearing on large cattle farms called ranches that are run by strong men called cowboys.
The bison, or the American buffalo is the most important animal. It nearly became extinct due to the unnecessary and excessive hunting, and is now a protected species.
Other animals in the prairies include rabbits, coyotes, gophers, and Prarie dogs.
People
As compared to tropical regions, grasslands have fewer resources and more extreme climates. But two of the most developed countries of the world, the USA and Canada, are located in the Prairies.
The people here are very hardworking, and they make the best use of available technology and natural resources. Scientific methods of cultivation, the use of tractors, harvesters, and combines have made North America a surplus food producer.
Along with agriculture, dairy farming is a very important industry, and a dairy belt stretches from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic coast in the east. Together with agriculture, dairy farming has encouraged the setting up of many food processing industries.
Large mineral deposits, coupled with the well-developed transport systems of roads, railways, and canals has made this region the most industrialised in the world.
Answer:
temperate grassland
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