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Explanation:
Latitude
While lines of latitude run across a map east-west, the point of latitude makes the n0rth-south position of a point on earth. Lines of latitude start at 0 degrees at the equator and end a 90 degrees at the North and South Poles. Everything north of the equator is known as the Northern Hemisphere and everything south of the equator is known as the Southern Hemisphere.
Lines of latitude are called parallels and in total there are 180 degrees of latitude. The distance between each degree of latitude is about 69 miles (110 kilometers).
The five major parallels of latitudes from north to south are called: Arctic Circle, Tropic of Cancer, Equator, Tropic of Capricorn, and the Antarctic Circle.
On a map where the orientation of the map is either due north or due south, latitude appears as horizontal lines.
Longitude
Longitude lines run north-south and mark the position east-west of a point. Lines of longitude are known as meridians. These lines run from pole to pole, crossing the equator at right angles.
There are 360 degrees of longitude and the longitude line of 0 degrees is known as the Prime Meridian and it divides the world into the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere (-180 degrees degrees of longitude west and 180 degrees of longitude east).
The distance between longitudes narrows the further away from the equator.
The distance between longitudes at the equator is the same as latitude, roughly 69 miles. At 45 degrees north or south, the distance between is about 49 miles (79 km).
The distance between longitudes reaches zero at the poles as the lines of meridian converge at that point.
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