find kinetic friction
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Explanation:
In physics and chemistry, ionization energy (American English spelling) or ionisation energy (British English spelling) is the minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron of an isolated neutral gaseous atom or molecule.[1] It is quantitatively expressed as
Ionization energy trends plotted against the atomic number. The ionization energy gradually increases from the alkali metals to the noble gases. The maximum ionization energy also decreases from the first to the last row in a given column, due to the increasing distance of the valence electron shell from the nucleus. Predicted values are used for elements beyond 104.
X(g) + energy ⟶ X+(g) + e−
where X is any atom or molecule, X+ is the resultant ion when the original atom was stripped of a single electron, and e− is the removed electron.[2] This is generally an endothermic process. As a rule, the closer the outermost electrons are to the nucleus of the atom, the higher the atom's ionization energy.
The sciences of physics and chemistry use different units for ionization energy.[3] In physics, the unit is the amount of energy required to remove a single electron from a single atom or molecule, expressed as electronvolts. In chemistry, the unit is the amount of energy required for all of the atoms in a mole of substance to lose one electron each: molar ionization energy or approximately enthalpy, expressed as kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol).[4]
Explanation:
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