Find out about other blood types and write thier importance ( give brief explanation )
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The precise amount of blood in a person’s body will depend on their size. In addition, the blood’s composition varies between individuals. This difference in structure is what makes a person’s blood type.
An individual’s blood type depends on which genes they inherited from their parents.
ABO is the best-known system for grouping blood types, though there are other methods. There are four major categories within the ABO group: A, B, O, and AB. Within these groups, there are a further eight blood types.
Every 2 seconds, a person in the United States needs blood. When a person needs a transfusion, doctors must give them the right type. The wrong blood type can trigger an adverse reaction that could be life-threatening.
How does blood work, and what problems can arise?
What makes a blood type?
Doctors often use the ABO grouping system to classify blood types.
The main components of blood are:
red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body
white blood cells, which play a crucial role in the immune system
plasma, which is a yellowish liquid that contains proteins and salts
platelets, which enable clotting
The blood group will depend on which antigens are on the surface of the red blood cells.
Antigens are molecules. They can be either proteins or sugars. The types and features of antigens can vary between individuals, due to small genetic differences.
The antigens in blood have various functions, including:
transporting other molecules into and out of the cell
maintaining the structure of red blood cells
detecting unwanted cells that could cause illness
Scientists use two types of antigens to classify blood types:
ABO antigens
Rh antigens
Antigens and antibodies play a role in the immune system’s defense mechanism.
White blood cells produce antibodies. These antibodies will target an antigen if they consider it a foreign object.
This is why it is essential to match blood types when a person needs a transfusion.
According to the American Red Cross, If a person receives red blood cells with antigens that are not already present in their system, their body will reject and attack the new red blood cells.
This can cause a severe and possibly life-threatening reaction.
How much blood is in the human body?
There are four ABO groups:
Group A: The surface of the red blood cells contains A antigen, and the plasma has anti-B antibody. Anti-B antibody would attack blood cells that contain B antigen.
Group B: The surface of the red blood cells contains B antigen, and the plasma has anti-A antibody. Anti-A antibody would attack blood cells that contain A antigen.
Group AB: The red blood cells have both A and B antigens, but the plasma does not contain anti-A or anti-B antibodies. Individuals with type AB can receive any ABO blood type.
Group O: The plasma contains both anti-A and anti-B antibodies, but the surface of the red blood cells does not contain any A or B antigens. Since these antigens are not present, a person with any ABO blood type can receive this type of blood.
Every 2 seconds, someone in the United States needs blood, but supplies are low due to COVID-19. To find out more about blood donation and how you can help, please visit our dedicated hub.
Rhesus factor
Some red blood cells have Rh factor, also known as the RhD antigen. Rhesus grouping adds another dimension.
If the red blood cells contain the RhD antigen, they are RhD positive. If they do not, they are RhD negative.
Understanding ABO and Rhesus
Doctors need to take into account both ABO and Rh when considering blood types. This means there are eight main blood types in the ABO/Rh blood group system. Some are more common than others.
According to the American Association of Blood Banks, the distribution of blood types in the U.S. are as follows:
ABO blood type Percentage of people
A-positive (A+) 30%
A-negative (A-) 6%
B-positive (B+) 9%
B-negative (B-) 2%
AB-positive (AB+) 4%
AB-negative (AB-) 1%
O-positive (O+) 39%
O-negative (O-) 9%
Around 82% of people in the U.S. have Rh-positive blood. The rarest blood group type is AB negative.
These are the main types. Within the eight main groups, are there also many lesser-known and less common blood types.
A problem can arise if this antibody then detects a “foreign” antigen in the fetus’ blood cells. The antibodies may start to attack the fetus’ red blood cells as a defense mechanism.
In some cases, severe jaundice can result, and possibly brain damage.
An injection of anti-RhD immune globulin G can help prevent the mother from producing this antibody and reduce the impact of a sensitizing event on the fetus.
If a woman has Rh-negative blood, a doctor may administer anti-D immunoglobulin at 28 weeks and 34 weeks as a preventive measure, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Blood testing during pregnancy can predict possible risks by checking whether the fetus’ blood type is compatible with the mother’s.
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