Question

Find out about the story behind Bose-Einstein condensate. What difficulties did Satyendra Nath Bose face after coming up with the idea? How did Einstein hear about it? How did Bose finally get credit

for his idea? Write a paragraph about this incident. Also write a few lines about Bose-Einstein condensate. ​

Answer 1

Answer:A Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter (also called the fifth state of matter) which is typically formed when a gas of bosons at low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero In 1925 when Einstein, on the basis of a 1924 paper by satyendranath Bose, devoted to photons, predicted the occurrence of change of state in a gas of non-interacting atoms . This change of state is the result of quantum statistical effects. Bose’s paper dealt with the statistics of photons, for which the total number is not a fixed quantity. He sent his paper to Einstein asking for comments. Recognising its importance, Einstein translated the paper and submitted it for publication. Subsequently, he extended Bose’s treatment to massive particles, whose total number is fixed. For a long time these predictions had no practical impact and were viewed as a mathematical curiosity,  In 1938 London immediately after the discovery of superfluidity in liquid helium,bose had the feeling that superfluidity could be a demonstration of B.E.C. While presenting a lecture on the photoelectric effect , Bose intended to show his students that the current theory was incorrect, because it predicted results not in accordance with experimental results. During this lecture, Bose committed an error in applying the theory, which gave a prediction that agreed with the experiments. The error was a simple mistake – similar to arguing that flipping two fair coins will produce two heads onethird of the time – that would appear obviously wrong to anyone with a basic understanding of statistics. However, the results it predicted agreed with experiment and Bose realized it might not be a mistake . He took the position that the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution would not be true for microscopic particles. Physics journals refused to publish Bose’s paper. It was their opinion that he had presented to them a simple mistake and Bose’s findings were ignored. Discouraged, he wrote to Albert Einstein, who immediately agreed with him. His theory finally achieved respect when Einstein sent his own paper in support of Bose’s to Zeitschrift f¨ur Physik, asking that they be published

Explanation:

Answer 2

Answer:Answer:A Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter (also called the fifth state of matter) which is typically formed when a gas of bosons at low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero In 1925 when Einstein, on the basis of a 1924 paper by satyendranath Bose, devoted to photons, predicted the occurrence of change of state in a gas of non-interacting atoms . This change of state is the result of quantum statistical effects. Bose’s paper dealt with the statistics of photons, for which the total number is not a fixed quantity. He sent his paper to Einstein asking for comments. Recognising its importance, Einstein translated the paper and submitted it for publication. Subsequently, he extended Bose’s treatment to massive particles, whose total number is fixed. For a long time these predictions had no practical impact and were viewed as a mathematical curiosity,  In 1938 London immediately after the discovery of superfluidity in liquid helium,bose had the feeling that superfluidity could be a demonstration of B.E.C. While presenting a lecture on the photoelectric effect , Bose intended to show his students that the current theory was incorrect, because it predicted results not in accordance with experimental results. During this lecture, Bose committed an error in applying the theory, which gave a prediction that agreed with the experiments. The error was a simple mistake – similar to arguing that flipping two fair coins will produce two heads onethird of the time – that would appear obviously wrong to anyone with a basic understanding of statistics. However, the results it predicted agreed with experiment and Bose realized it might not be a mistake . He took the position that the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution would not be true for microscopic particles. Physics journals refused to publish Bose’s paper. It was their opinion that he had presented to them a simple mistake and Bose’s findings were ignored. Discouraged, he wrote to Albert Einstein, who immediately agreed with him. His theory finally achieved respect when Einstein sent his own paper in support of Bose’s to Zeitschrift f¨ur Physik, asking that they be published.