Question

Find out, from Table, the medium having highest optical density. Also find the medium with lowest optical density.




Material

medium



Refractive index



Material medium



Refractive

index





Air



1.0003



Canada Balsam



1.53





Ice



1.31



-



-





Water



1.33



Rock salt



1.54





Alcohol



1.36



-



-





Kerosene



1.44



Carbon disulphide



1.63





Fused

quartz



1.46



Dense

flint glass



1.65





Turpentine oil



1.47



Ruby



1.71





Benzene



1.50



Sapphire



1.77





Crown

glass



1.52



Diamond



2.42

Answer 1

The medium having highest optical density - Diamond

Medium having lowest optical density - Air



This is because the medium having highest refractive index possess highest optical density.
The medium having lowest recractive index possess lowest optical density.

Refractive index is measured as the extent of bending of ray of light.
In a denser medium ray of light bends more, as its speed gradually decreases while coming from rarer to denser medium.
Thus is the reason why optically denser medium has high refractive index.

Similarly, ray of light bends less in less denser or rarer medium. While coming from denser to rarer medium speed of ray of light increases, therefore it bends less.
This is the reason why optically rarer medium have less refractive index.


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Answer 2

Lowest optical density = $\large\bf\pink{Air}$

Highest optical density = $\large\bf\pink{Diamond}$

The optical density of a medium is directly related to its refractive index. A medium with the highest refractive index will have the highest optical density and vice-versa.

It can be observed from the table that air and diamond respectively have the lowest and highest refractive index. Hence, air has the lowest optical density and diamond has the highest optical density.