finding my blood relation experiment
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Blood is a sticky red fluid containing several kinds of cell suspended in a watery liquid called plasma: red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets (figure 1). Many chemicals are also suspended or dissolved in the plasma, including proteins, sugars, fats, salts, enzymes and gases. Each person’s blood has certain inherited characteristics that distinguish it from the blood of other people.
Until the 1980s, blood was primarily differentiated by ABO blood typing, which relies on the presence of three substances on the outside of red blood cells, called antigens. Although for forensic purposes, this technique has since been replaced by other methods such as DNA fingerprinting, for clinical purposes, ABO blood typing is still used before giving someone a blood transfusion to prevent complications such as rejection.
The presence or absence of A and B antigens on red blood cells determines a person’s ABO blood type. This leads to the identification of four main blood types: A, B, AB (when both antigens are present) and O (when neither antigen is present). A third important blood antigen is the Rhesus (Rh) factor, or D antigen. People with the D antigen are Rh positive, and those who lack it are Rh negative.
In order to type a person’s blood, antibodies (called agglutinins and sometimes referred to as antiserums) are added to a few drops of blood. These agglutinins bind to the antigens on the surface of the red blood cells, causing the cells to aggregate or clump. If clumping occurs in a blood sample, then that associated antigen is present. Once all antigens have been tested, the blood type can be deduced hope this helps