first most common organelles in a Cell
Answers
Explanation:
Mitochondria.
The “powerhouses” of the cell, mitochondria are oval-shaped organelles found in most eukaryotic cells.
Answer:-cell is the basic functional and structural unit of our body.
There are many common cell organelles like mitochondria, nucleus, lysosome, golgi apparatus, cell wall (in plant cell), cell membrane (in animal cell), ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, plastids (in plant cell), centrosomes (in animal cell), cytoplasm, granules and vacuoles.
Cell wall- it is present in outermost layer which is only found in plant cell.
It is made up of cellulose which gives protection to plant cells.
Cell membrane or plasma membrane-
It is a rigid layer which lies next to the cell wall in plant cell but outermost in animal cells. It is semi permeable and made up of lipoproteins.
Mitochondria- it is the power house of cell which release energy in the form of ATP and synthesis respiratory enzymes. It is double membraned; inner walls are thrown into folds.
Ribosomes- small granules either scattered in the cytoplasm or remained attached to the outside of endoplasmic reticulum. Single walled ,spherical, dense which mainly composed of RNA. It helps to synthesis of proteins.
Cytoplasm- it is the semi liquid which is situated outside the nucleus but inside the cell membrane (also called plasma membrane). Different organelles present in it perform different functions and all metabolic activities occur in it.
Lysosome- it is the cell organelle which contains 40 different types of enzymes which helps in intracellular digestion. It digest cartilages during the formation of bones and also destroy foreign particles. When cell get injured or dies, it kills other cell organelles and hence its also called suicide bag.
Endoplasmic reticulum- it is the irregular network of double membraned tubles and it may be smooth or rough (when attached ribosomes). supportive framework for the cell which helps in synthesis and transport of proteins and fats.
Golgi apparatus- stack of flattened membrane sacs which consists of rules, vesicles and vacuoles. It helps to synthesis and secretion of enzymes, hormones and helps to formation of acrosome of sperm.
Centrosomes (in only animal cell)- it is a region surrounding the centrioles, located near nucleus. It contains one or two centrioles which helps to initiates and regulates cell division and also helps to form spindle fibres, with the help of asters.
Plastids (in only plant cell)- it is double membraned, protainaceous matrix which contains DNA. Disc like structures called thylakoids contain chlorophyll.
There are three types of plastids-
1) chloroplasts- trap solar energy for photosynthesis, contain the pigment chlorophyll.
2) leucoplasts- store starch
3) chromoplasts- impart colour to flowers and fruits, contain pigment xanthophyll; carotene.
Nucleus- it is the largest cell organelle mostly spherical and dense. It contains network of thread-like structures called chromatin fines which contain DNA. It regulates cell functions, if cell removed the cell dies and it contains chromosomes (bearers of genes that control hereditary characters).
Vacuoles- clear spaces with water or other sentences in solution and it is covered by a covering called tonoplast. It helps to storage of water and other sentences, food pigments, and waste products and contains pigments like anthocyanins.
Granules- it is the small particles, crystals or water droplets which helps to store starch in plant cells and glycogen in animal cells. It have fat-containing granules which serve as food for the cell.
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