five challenges faced by the Nkrumah led government between 1951 and 1966
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Explanation:Nkrumah faced several challenges as he assumed office. He had never served in government, and needed to learn that art. The Gold Coast was composed of four regions, several former colonies amalgamated into one. Nkrumah sought to unite them under one nationality, and bring the country to independence. Key to meeting the challenges was convincing the British that the CPP's programmes were not only practical, but inevitable, and Nkrumah and Arden-Clarke worked closely together[88]. The governor instructed the civil service to give the fledgling government full support, and the three British members of the cabinet took care not to vote against the elected majority.[89]
Prior to the CPP taking office, British officials had prepared a ten-year plan for development. With demands for infrastructure improvements coming in from all over the colony, Nkrumah approved it in general, but halved the time to five years. The colony was in good financial shape, with reserves from years of cocoa profit held in London, and Nkrumah was able to spend freely. Modern trunk roads were built along the coast and within the interior. The rail system was modernized and expanded. Modern water and sewer systems were installed in most towns, where housing schemes were begun[90]. Construction began on a new harbor at Tema, near Accra, and the existing port, at Takoradi, was expanded. An urgent programme to build and expand schools, from primary to teacher and trade training, was begun[91]. From 1951 to 1956, the number of pupils being educated at the colony's schools rose from 200,000 to 500,000.[92] Nevertheless, the number of graduates being produced was insufficient to the burgeoning civil service's needs, and in 1953, Nkrumah announced that though Africans would be given preference, the country would be relying on expatriate European civil servants for several years.[93]
The first "African-born" Prime Minister of Ghana, "Kwame Nkrumah" was a prominent Pan-African organiser whose "radical vision" & "bold leadership" assisted in leading Ghana to independence in the year 1957.
Explanation:
- The administration of Nkrumah was predominantly socialist & nationalist. It funded national energy and industrial ventures, established a strong national education system & encouraged a "pan-African" culture. During the decolonization era, Ghana played a significant role in African foreign relations.
- Nkrumah was challenged with the problems of nation-building in colonialism back in 1962. Mounting economic difficulties led to increasing dissatisfaction with Nkrumah's govt, which was further threatened under Ashanti's nationalism.
- Nkrumah used the Ghanaian education system as a tool to disperse ethnic tensions, uniting the people by fostering a national identity and distributing education & wealth . Nkrumah, however,could not successfully remove the unwanted educational ties to the program with its past colonial stories
- The administration of land tenures in Ghana had long-term challenges, exacerbating instability of land tenure and continuously changing land borders. A system in which dual power authorities are formed between local govts & chieftain power that still exists in Ghana today and continues to have several administration problems.
- The Ghana economy was weakened by Nkrumah 's aggressive industrialization programs. Many of these measures have brought more international debt to Ghana. The thriving cocoa industry was disrupted by a drive to nationalize other economic sectors. There were general strikes and numerous assassination threats against Nkrumah due to widespread food shortages & corruption scandals
- In 1966 February, while Nkrumah visited China & North Vietnam, his govt was overthrown, in a violent coup that was orchestrated by the state military & the police with the help of the civil service .
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