five effect of atmospheric pressure
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Explanation:
something similar atomsphereic
Answer:
5 Major Consequences of Atmospheric Pressure
Explanation:
The consequences are:- 1. Air Movements 2. Fogs and Clouds 3. Rainfalls 4. Tornadoes 5. Hurricanes.
Consequence # 1. Air Movements:
By wind, we mean air moving horizontally along the surface of the ground. Vertical movements of air are air currents. The ultimate cause of these air movements is the pressure differences caused due to unequal distribution of the heat of the sun.
Generally air moves from high pressure zones towards low pressure zones under the pull of gravity, but the movement is modified due to various reasons such as earth’s rotation, turbulence and friction, and by centrifugal forces (on curved courses). During air movements, water vapour serves as an important carrier of energy.
Moisture evaporates into warm air subsequently as the air cools, the latent heat is released by condensation aiding the transfer of sun’s energy from place to place. Winds distribute heat over the earth and supply moisture for precipitation.
Consequence # 2. Fogs and Clouds:
Fogs and clouds consist of condensed water vapour as particles small enough to remain in suspension. Fog dissipation measures for airfields are still in experimental stages. In order to reduce humidity, both heating measures and hygroscopic sprays have been tried.
Clouds are formed mainly by adiabatic cooling of rising air. Air expands as it rises and such expansion without addition of heat lowers the temperature leading to cloud formation. Clouds are also formed to a limited extent due to mixing of air currents.
Consequence # 3. Rainfall:
The source of all precipitations is clouds. Cooling of moisture bearing air explains all precipice It is convenient to recognize four types of rainfall, viz. Convectional, orogenic, monsoonal and cyclonic.
i. Convectional Rain:
These rains are caused by the expansion and cooling of rising convectional air currents. At midday or late afternoon in the inactive belt, radiations from the hot surfaces produce convectional updrafts of humid air. The expansion and the consequent cooling of these up currents lead to the convectional showers in the humid tropics which occurs almost regularly every afternoon.
These rains are sun generated and controlled. These are referred to as high sun rains. In the summer months of the mid-latitudes the commonly occurring late afternoon or evening showers are convectional rains. When turbulent, thunder and lightning will also accompany the showers.
ii. Orogenic Rain:
When the prevailing winds are obstructed by mountain barriers, the moist air forced upwards and the. rains resulting on cooling are the orogenic rains. This type of rain is most abundant in cases where the wind has travelled a long distance over water regions collecting moisture and then meets a mountain barrier. Thus the windward coasts of mountains are the most favourable sites for orogenic rainfall. The leeward region of the mountain barriers become rain shadow region with scant or no rainfall.
iii. Monsoonal Rain:
These are rains brought by seasonal winds blowing from sea to land. The moisture bearing wind moving landward, cooled by ascent give rise to monsoonal rains, where monsoonal winds meet mountainous terrain before losing their moisture, some of the heaviest rainfalls are recorded.
iv. Cyclonic Rain:
Huge masses of warm air at low pressure travelling irregularly from west to east in the west wind belts are called cyclones. Since cyclones consist of warm and rising air they often bring rain. Such rain is called a cyclonic rain.
Consequence # 4. Tornadoes:
Tornadoes (also called twisters) are the most violently destructive storms. These storms are of small size with an average diameter of 300 m to 450 m. The average length of path the tornadoes travel is between 15 and 60 km. (In some rare cases they have traveled as far as 450 km.) The tornadoes advance at a speed of 40 to 60 km/h (But the horizontal velocity within the storm may be as high as 800 km/h).
Tornadoes are known to be common between 3 p.m and 6 p.m in spring and early summer. Characteristically, a funnel shaped cloud, marks the center of disturbance. They are frequently accompanied by rain and hail. The origin of tornadoes is not clearly known.
Consequence # 5. Hurricanes:
A Hurricane (also called tropical cyclone) is a large whirlwind of high velocity. Its diameter may be at the order of 80 km. The diameter of the area of hurricane-force winds however may be exceptionally as high as 400 km.