Question

five strategies that can be used to engineer resistance into crop plants. | Give an example for each strategy.

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

This chapter provides a brief description of genetic modification methods used to develop new plant, animal, and microbial strains for use as human food. The next chapter (Chapter 3) presents a detailed analysis of the likelihood for these methods to result in unintentional compositional changes.

Answer 2

Answer:

1. Add more receptors to plant cells (the major R-genes involved in the gene-

for-gene interaction). Most research at this point is aimed at moving major

R-genes within a species (gene therapy, R-gene cassettes), but some

research is oriented toward moving genes between species (especially

looking for non-host resistance).

2. Add enzymes to detoxify pathogen toxins.

3. Add antimicrobial enzymes that attack pathogen cellular infrastructure

(chitinases, glucanases)

4. Add antimicrobial toxins that attack pathogen metabolic pathways or

proteins (phytoalexins, PR-proteins, peroxidases).

5. Interfere with pathogen replication (virus-coat proteins).

Explanation: