Question

Flow of energy is unidirectional. Explain.

Answer 1

Lets take the example of following food chain:

Green plants→ Frog →Snake →Hawk

Energy flow is unidirectional. Producers such as green plantsconvert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds. The primary consumer (in this case, frog) derives nutrients from the producers. Therefore, energy passes to the next trophic level from the producers. Unidirectional flow of energy means that energy which gets transferred from plants to frog cannot travel back from frog to the plants because plants take their energy from sun. Similary, energy transferred from frog to the snake do not get transferred back from snake to the frog because frog is eaten by snake and not snake eaten by frog. In this way, energy transfers from one trophic level to another in a unidirectional manner

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Answer 2

Producers convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds. The primary consumers derive nutrients from the producers.  According to Energy Transfer Law, only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to other. So the energy that is captured by autotrophs  is not  revert back to sun and the energy transferred to herbivores does not came back to autotrophs. It just keep on moving to next trophic level in unidirectional way. That is why, flow of energy in a food chain is always unidirectional.

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