Question

Food fortification vs bio food fortification

Answer 1

An example is adding back certain vitamins lost in processing wheat to make white flour. Fortified means vitamins or minerals have been added to a food that weren't originally in thefood. An example is adding vitamin D to milk. Other examples of foodsenriched are: white bread, pasta, corn products, white rice.

Answer 2

Food fortification is an inexpensive and efficient way of providing micro nutrients through food that we consume on daily basis. It is a process of adding micro nutrients or any trace elements intentionally at higher level to the food to combat the deficiencies or just as a supplement with the normal food we eat. The policy of world food program and major food aid donors is that all oil, salt and blended food should be fortified with micro nutrients, either singly ( iodine in salt and vitamin A in oil) or in combination.

In many situations, this strategy can lead to relatively rapid improvements in the micro nutrient status of a population, and at a very reasonable cost, especially if advantage can be taken of existing technology and local distribution networks.

Commonly fortified foods are:

1.  Rice:  Rice is the staple food for two-thirds of Indians. Fortification of rice makes it more nutritious by adding vitamins and minerals, many of which are lost during the milling and polishing process. Rice is usually fortified with iron (20 mg), folic acid (1300 micro gram) and vitamin B 12 (10 micro gram). Other than this zinc oxide, vitamin B 1, 2, 6 and niacin is also added. A study among school children conducted by National Institute of Nutrition and Department of Biotechnology revealed a significant increase in mean serum ferritin (iron stores) levels (8.17 Hg/dL) after consumption of fortified rice. Golden rice is the best example of fortified rice.

fortified golden rice

2. Wheat flour:  Birth defects such as Neural Tube Defects (NTD s) due to folic acid deficiency can be prevented by wheat fortification. Also iron deficiency can be reduced. Adequate intake of vitamin B 12 through fortified flour can also improve mental growth and development of children. Therefore, the health impact of fortifying wheat flour with iron,folic acid and vitamin B 12 is immense.

fortified wheat flour

3. Milk: Milk is a rich source of high quality protein, calcium and of fat-soluble vitamins A and D. Vitamins A and D is lost when milk fat is removed during processing. Many countries have a mandatory provision to add back the vitamins removed as it is easily doable. It is called replenishment as the nutrients lost during processing are added back. Fortification of milk with Vitamin A and Vitamin D is required in India because of the widespread deficiencies present in the population.



4.Salt: deficiency of iodine in the diet can be addressed by fortification of salt i.e. adding iodine to salt. Salt has been identified as an effective vehicle for iodine because it is consumed almost daily and universally. Also iron and zinc are added as a fortification in certain salts.

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