Question

for 50 points.......how are the below mentioned factors responsible for this in the Indian context? 1)being a member of minority ethnic groups and immigrants. 2) living in a remote or very disadvantaged community. 3) any additional factor pertaining to your state.

Answer 1

Key points
 Ethnic minorities experience disadvantage associated with their ethnicity in all areas
of life.
 The experience of disadvantage differs with not all ethnic minority groups
experiencing disadvantage in all areas or to the same extent.
 There is considerable diversity within communities and accordingly not everyone
within the same ethnic group will experience disadvantage in the same way.
 The disadvantage experienced by ethnic minorities is reflected in their treatment
within the criminal justice system.
 Awareness of the communities served by the courts, including the commonplace
experiences of racism and disadvantage, will assist a judge in understanding those
participating in the justice system.  
 It is important to avoid stereotypes based on perceived characteristics associated with
a particular ethnic group. Just because the majority of members of an ethnic group
have certain characteristics or views does not mean all members of the group have
those characteristics or views.  
Introduction
1. The justice system is vital for ensuring a safe environment for everyone and for the
resolving of disputes in an orderly way. Where the public, or a section of it, lacks
confidence in the system, this may lead to a reduction in the reporting of crime or the
provision of assistance to the police and courts, and may militate against the orderly
resolution of disputes.
2. There is a perception amongst some communities that the criminal justice system is
not fair and just. There is evidence that some of the concerns underlying those
perceptions may be well‐founded, as is explored in this chapter.
3. Further, the experience of racism or disadvantage in one sector of society will have an
impact on perceptions about the administration of justice as a whole. An appearance
before a court cannot be isolated from other social experiences.
4. There is, then, a particular need for judges to demonstrate fairness in the carrying out
of their responsibilities if confidence in the justice system is to be maintained and
promoted amongst all ethnic groups.  This requires an awareness of the way in which
our own actions might affect perceptions of, and confidence in, parts of the justice
system. Knowledge and information about what happens outside court can help
judges to ensure that what happens inside is fair and seen to be fair.  
5. Some of the available statistical material is set out below to provide an introduction to
the sorts of disadvantages experienced by certain minority groups within the justice
system and more broadly.  It is important to note that there is considerable diversity
istical background
7. This section contains some background facts and statistics about different ethnic
minority communities and in particular the disadvantages which they experience. To
summarise those facts:
a. There is much variation between ethnic minority groups in relation to social and
economic disadvantage.
b. Looked after children are disproportionately from ethnic minority groups.
c. In education, GCSE attainment levels are highest for pupils of Chinese and Indian
ethnic origin, and lowest for those of Gypsy/Roma and Irish Traveller heritages.
d. In the labour market, all Britain’s ethnic minority groups experience an ‘ethnic
penalty’; they are more likely to experience unemployment, and this is likely to be
partly the result of racial discrimination.
e. Minority ethnic groups experience significant wealth inequality, and some ethnic
groups are more likely to have low household incomes and live in substandard or
overcrowded homes.
f. Crime and criminal justice experiences are also significantly different between
ethnic groups.
g. People from certain minority groups are more likely to be subject to stop and
search, arrest and imprisonment, and Black people have very much higher rates o