Question

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Write short note on


1) Shimla agreement

2) Indo-Nepalese friendship treaty

3) Machmahon line...

Answer 1

The Simla Agreement contains a set of guiding principles, mutually agreed to by India and Pakistan, which both sides would adhere to while managing relations with each other. These emphasize: respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty; non-interference in each other’s internal affairs; respect for each others unity, political independence; sovereign equality; and abjuring hostile propaganda. The following principles of the Agreement are, however, particularly noteworthy:

[1]  shimla agreement
A mutual commitment to the peaceful resolution of all issues through direct bilateral approaches.To build the foundations of a cooperative relationship with special focus on people to people contacts.To uphold the inviolability of the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir, which is a most important CBM between India and Pakistan, and a key to durable peace.

India has faithfully observed the Simla Agreement in the conduct of its relations with Pakistan.

[2]   The Treaty of Peace and Friendship signed between India and Nepal in 1950 has been a subject of debate within Nepal. The issue has been regularly featured in left parties' election manifestos in Nepal and become an agenda item in bilateral talks. India has agreed to review, adjust and update the treaty while giving due recognition to the special features of the bilateral relationship. Nepal's reservations to the treaty are based on the argument that the treaty compromises Nepal's ability to pursue an independent defence and foreign policy. The article examines the relevance of the treaty and prospects of India–Nepal relations in the changing international scenario. It argues that Nepal has benefited much more than India from the treaty. However, considering changes in strategic equations in the region, India–Nepal bilateral relations must be remodelled into a strategic partnership that seeks to promote security, modernisation and prosperity

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Answer 2

Short note

Shimla agreement:

The agreement led to the liberation of East Pakistan. It enabled both the countries (India and Pakistan) to establish friendly relations thereby maintaining peace. Its emphasis on non-interference in each nations internal conflicts and respect territorial unity and sovereignty.

Treaty of peace and friendship:

The Treaty of Peace and Friendship signed between India and Nepal in 1950. The treaty emphasis on reciprocal treatment in both countries on both citizens in terms of property business residence and movement. It also provides the other nation -Nepal the access of weaponry. It gives national treatment to imported business.

McMahan line:

It is an international boundary and a demarcation line between northeastern frontier of India and Tibetan region of China. Shimla Accord holds the name of this line to separate the regions of the two nations.

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