Formation, consumption and features of the soils found in india
Answers
1. Alluvial Soil
Composition: Rich in lime potash, Poor in phosphorous and humus
Formation: Silt brought by rivers
Characteristics: Very fertile, fine grained both in new alluvium (Khadar) and old alluvium
Distribution: Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal
Crops: Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane, Cotton, Oilseeds and Jute
2.Regur soil
Composition: Rich in lime, aluminium, calcium, potash, iron, magnesium. Poor in nitrogen and humus.
Formation: Weathering of volcanic rocks
Characteristics: Water retentive cracks develops when dry
Distribution: Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu
Crops: Cotton, Sugarcane, oilseeds and Tobacco
3. Red and Yellow Soil
Composition: Rich in iron, poor in lime, phosphorous, calcium and nitrogen
Formation: Decomposition of granite, gneiss and metamorphic rocks
Characteristics: Not water retentive. When fertilizers are added, soil become productive
Distribution: Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka
Crops: Bajra, maize, pulses, potatoes, fruits
4. Laterite Soil
Composition: Rich in iron, poor in lime, phosphorous, calcium, nitrogen
Formation: Leaching of laterite rocks
Characteristics: Agriculturally less important. Bricks are made for house construction
Distribution: Peculiar to India- Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, and Odisha
Crops: Cashew, Tapioca, Coffee and Rubber
5. Forest Soil
Composition: Rich in humus. Poor in potash, phosphorous and lime
Formation: Decomposition of organic matter
Characteristics: Heterogeneous, character changes with parent rocks and climate. Require good deal of fertilizers.
Distribution: Himalayan region. Western and Eastern Ghats
Crops: Temperate fruits, spices, tea, coffee
6. Saline Soil (Reh, Kallar, Usar, Thur,and Rakar Chopan)
Composition: Rich in Chloride, calcium, and magnesium
Formation: Accumulation of soluble salt
Characteristics: Unproductive soil. In Punjab and Haryana gypsum is added to improve the soil
Distribution: Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and Maharashtra
Crops: Barseem, Dhaincha and leguminous crops
Answer:
Soils found in India
1. Alluvial Soil
2. Regur soil
3. Red and Yellow Soil
4. Laterite Soil
5. Forest Soil
6. Saline Soil
Explanation:
1. Alluvial Soil
Composition: Rich in lime potash, Poor in phosphorous and humus.
Formation: Mud brought by rivers
Characteristics: Very fertile, fine-grained both in fresh alluvium (Khadar) and old alluvium
2. Regur soil
Composition: Rich in lime, aluminum, calcium, potash, iron, and magnesium. Poor in nitrogen and humus.
Formation: Weathering of volcanic rocks
Characteristics: Water retentive cracks form when dry.
3. Red and Yellow Soil
Composition: Rich in iron, poor in lime, phosphorous, calcium, and nitrogen
Formation: Decomposition of granite, gneiss, and metamorphic rocks
Characteristics: Not water retentive.
When fertilizers exist added, the soil evolves effectively.
4. Laterite Soil
Composition: Rich in iron, poor in lime, phosphorous, calcium, nitrogen
Formation: Leaching of laterite rocks
Characteristics: Agriculturally slightly necessary. Bricks exist created for house construction.
5. Forest Soil
Composition: Rich in humus, Poor in potash, phosphorous, and lime
Formation: Decomposition of organic matter
Characteristics: Heterogeneous, character differences with parent rocks and climate. Need a good deal of fertilizers.
6. Saline Soil
Composition: Rich in Chloride, calcium, and magnesium
Formation: Accumulation of soluble salt
Characteristics: Unproductive soil, In Punjab and Haryana gypsum exists added to enhance the soil.
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