Question

formation of ethylene molecule

Answer 1

I am not sure about this. But this is what I think.

In the molecule ethene, both carbon atoms will be sp2hybridized and have one unpaired electron in a non-hybridized p orbital. ... In order for the unhybridized p orbitals to successfully overlap, the CH​2 must be coplanar: therefore, C2H4 is a planar molecule and each bond angle is about 120 degrees.

Hope it helps.

Answer 2

Formation and structure of ethylene molecules on the basis of hybridisation

Ethylene and other organic compounds have C = C bond, 2s and two 2p orbitals of carbon atom undergoes sp2 hybridization.

In normal state the electronic configuration of carbon atom C(6) = ls2 2s2 2px1 2py1 2pz0

At excited state the electronic configuration is C*(6) = ls2 2s1 2px1 2py1 2pz1

After sp2 hybridization the electronic configuration is C*(6) = 1s2 ψ11 ψ21 ψ31 pz1

So, ψ1, ψ2, ψ3 are sp2 hybrid orbitals. Then are hybrid orbital of one carbon atom overlaps with one hybrid orbital of another carbon atom and thus form C-C sigma (σ) bond. Two other hybrid orbitals of each carbon atom overlap with 1s orbitals of two hydrogen atoms and thus form two C-H bonds with each carbon atom. Thus the main structure of ethylene can be constructed . Due to this SP2 hybridization, the bond anglesof this ethylene arc is about 120° and all these atoms are on a plane.or plane surface

Then the 2pz orbital on each carbon atom remains with one electron each. They overlap with each other sidewise to form one C-C pi-bond.

Hope it helps