Formula for refractive index and velocity of light
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Refractive index
The change in the direction of a light ray while entering different media is different. It is related to the refractive index of the medium. The value of the refractive index is different for different media and also for light of different colours for the same medium. The refractive indices of some substances with respect to vacuum are given in the table. The refractive index of a medium with respect to vacuum is called its absolute refractive index. Refractive index depends on the velocity of light in the medium.
Let the velocity of light in medium 1 be v1 and in medium 2 be v2. The refractive index of the second medium with respect to the first medium, 2n1 is equal to the ratio of the velocity of light in medium 1 to that in medium 2.
Refractive index 2n1 =Velocity of light in medium 1 (v1) /Velocity of light in medium 2 (v2).
Similarly, the refractive index of medium 1 with respect to medium 2 is 1n2 = v2/v1
If the first medium is vacuum then the refractive index of medium 2 is called absolute refractive index and it is written as n.