Question

Formula of physics dual nature of matter and radiation

Answer 1

1. Velocity of electron in nth orbit = vn = 2.165 x 106 Z/n m/s

2. Radius of nth orbit = rn = 0.53 x 10–10 n2/Z m

3. Binding energy of an electron in nth state = En = –13.6 Z2/n2 eV/atom

Excitation Energy

The energy taken up by an electron to move from lower energy level to higher energy level. Generally it defined from ground state.

Ist excitation energy = transition from n1= 1 to n2 = 2
IInd excitation energy = transition from n1= 1 to n2 = 3
IIIrd excitation energy = transition from n1= 1 to n2 = 4   and so on ….
The energy level n = 2 is also called as Ist excited state.
The energy level n = 3 is also called as IInd excited state. & so on …

Answer 2

★☆〖Qบęຮτ ı¨ ø nˇ〗☆★

⭐The Dual Nature of Matter⭐

=> de-Broglie's Principle states that "All material particles in motion possess wave characteristics..."

=> de-Broglie's Relationship can be derived by combining the mass and energy relationships proposed by Max Planck, and Albert Einstein...

E = ∫c²dm = Σc²Δm = mc²

E = hν

=> The combination of these two yielded the desired result:

λ = h/mc

=> The above equation is valid for a Photon(γ⁰)

=> The same relation can be extended to every particle of this universe, if the speed of light in vacua(c) is replaced by the ordinary velocity of the particle:

$\: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: λ = \frac{h}{ \: mv⃗}$

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