four methods to establish good governance.
Answers
Answer:
Concerning the definition above one has to distinguish different characteristics
of Good Governance as there are in example openness, participation, legitimacy,
transparency, effectiveness, efficiency, accountability, availability, predictability or
coherence
Explanation:
a) Openness
Openness means that the decision-making institutions should work in an open
manner. Concerning to the EU the institutions should actively communicate together
with the member states about what the EU does and which decisions it takes. The
institutions should use a language which is accessible and understandable for the
general public because this is of importance in order to improve the confidence in
complex institutions.
b) Participation
Participation refers to the involvement of citizens in the development process.
Beneficiaries and groups affected by a project need to participate that the government
is able to make informed choices with respect to their needs and social groups can
protect their rights.
Participation in governments can be promoted by improving interface between the
public and private sectors, empowering local government by letting it take ownership of
a project or using NGOs´ as vehicles for mobilizing and reaching project beneficiaries.
Improved participation is likely to create more confidence in the end result and in
the institutions which deliver policies. Therefore participation depends on central
governments following an inclusive approach when developing and implementing
(EU) policies.
Participatory democracy is a process emphasizing the broad participation (decision
making) of constituents in the direction and operation of political systems. While
etymological roots imply that any democracy would rely on the participation of itscitizens, traditional representative democracies tend to limit citizen participation to
voting leaving actual Governance to politicians. That means participatory democracy
strives to create opportunities for all members of a political group to make meaningful
contributions to decision-making, and seeks to broaden the range of people who have
access to such opportunities.
c) Legitimacy
Legitimacy is a measure of the political acceptability or perceived fairness of an
assessment to a user. A legitimate assessment process is one which has been conducted
in a manner which allows users to be satisfied that their interests have been taken
into account and that the process has been a fair one.
In other words legitimacy means the publics’ acceptance of the authority of those in
power, therefore the existence of a sanctioned set of rules, processes and procedures.
The participants must believe that their interests, concerns, views and perspectives
were included and given appropriate weight and consideration.
d) Transparency
Transparency is an important principle of Good Governance and refers to the
availability of information to the general public and clarity about government
rules, regulations and decisions. It can be strengthened through the citizens’ right
to information with a degree of legal enforceability. Transparency in government
decision-making and public policy implementation reduces uncertainty and may
help inhibit corruption among public officials.
This implies that stakeholders are answerable to those whom they represent on
the fulfillment of their obligations, and that they undertake to inform and consult
their constituencies at regular intervals. This will require clearly delineated tasks
and responsibilities, effective flows of information and mechanisms ensuring that
decisions and sanctions are enforced.
In terms of the quality of public services, the principle of transparency underpins
the need for regulations to be as clear, straightforward and accessible as possible
in their drafting, promulgation, codification and dissemination. Transparency of
regulations is also important to the performance of the economy, last but not least
because it guards against special interests gaining undue influence in markets. It
generates greater trust on the part of consumers. It assures and satisfies investors that
there is a level playing field and encourages new entrants to sectors.
Answer:
1. Rule of Law
Good governance requires fair legal frameworks that are enforced by an impartial regulatory body, for the full protection of stakeholders.
2. Transparency
Transparency means that information should be provided in easily understandable forms and media; that it should be freely available and directly accessible to those who will be affected by governance policies and practices, as well as the outcomes resulting therefrom; and that any decisions taken and their enforcement are in compliance with established rules and regulations.
3. Responsiveness
Good governance requires that organizations and their processes are designed to serve the best interests of stakeholders within a reasonable timeframe.
4. Consensus Oriented
Good governance requires consultation to understand the different interests of stakeholders in order to reach a broad consensus of what is in the best interest of the entire stakeholder group and how this can be achieved in a sustainable and prudent manner.
5. Equity and Inclusiveness
The organization that provides the opportunity for its stakeholders to maintain, enhance, or generally improve their well-being provides the most compelling message regarding its reason for existence and value to society.
6. Effectiveness and Efficiency
Good governance means that the processes implemented by the organization to produce favorable results meet the needs of its stakeholders, while making the best use of resources – human, technological, financial, natural and environmental – at its disposal.
7. Accountability
Accountability is a key tenet of good governance. Who is accountable for what should be documented in policy statements. In general, an organization is accountable to those who will be affected by its decisions or actions as well as the applicable rules of law.
8. Participation
Participation by both men and women, either directly or through legitimate representatives, is a key cornerstone of good governance. Participation needs to be informed and organized, including freedom of expression and assiduous concern for the best interests of the organization and society in general.