Question

Four possible interventions strategies that have been put in place by government to address lifestyle diseases

Answer 1

Coronary artery disease (CAD), ischemic stroke, diabetes, and some specific cancers, which until recently were common only in high-income countries, are now becoming the dominant sources of morbidity and mortality worldwide (WHO 2002). In addition, rates of cancers and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among migrants from low-risk to high-risk countries almost always increase dramatically. In traditional African societies, for example, CAD is virtually nonexistent, but rates among African Americans are similar to those among Caucasian Americans. These striking changes in rates within countries over time and among migrating populations indicate that the primary determinants of these diseases are not genetic but environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle. Thus, considerable research has been aimed at identifying modifiable determinants of chronic diseases.

Prospective epidemiological studies, some randomized prevention trials, and many short-term studies of intermediate endpoints such as blood pressure and lipids have revealed a good deal about the specific dietary and lifestyle determinants of major chronic diseases. Most of these studies have been conducted in Western countries, in part because of the historical importance of these diseases in the West, but also because they have the most developed research infrastructure. A general conclusion is that reducing identified, modifiable dietary and lifestyle risk factors could prevent most cases of CAD, stroke, diabetes, and many cancers among high-income populations (Willett 2002). These findings are profoundly important, because they indicate that these diseases are not inevitable consequences of a modern society. Furthermore, low rates of these diseases can be attained without drugs or expensive medical facilities, an outcome that is not surprising, because their rates have historically been extremely low in developing countries with few medical facilities. However, preventing these diseases will require changes in behaviors related to smoking, physical activity, and diet; investments in education, food policies, and urban physical infrastructure are needed to support and encourage these changes

Answer 2

Four possible interventions strategies that have been put in place by government to address lifestyle diseases

• There are two primary components to disease intervention. It quickly identifies those who are potentially affected but are unaware of it. Second, it facilitates prompt treatment for patients. This prevents the spread of illnesses and the major health issues they can bring about.
• An organised campaign to support certain actions and routines that can enhance one's physical, mental, and emotional well-being is known as a public health intervention. These interventions can also alter how people view unhealthy habits, hence altering their behaviour.
• Primordial prevention, primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention are these levels of prevention. When combined, these approaches seek to avoid not just the upstream problems of a manifested disease but also the start of disease through risk reduction.
• There are two basic categories into which interventions can be divided: (1) Preventive interventions aim to stop the development of disease and hence lower the incidence (new cases) of disease, and (2) Therapeutic interventions aim to treat, lessen, or delay the effects of disease once it has already started.

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