Question

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What is respiratory system in brief.....

Answer 1

Answer:

The human gas-exchanging organ, the lung, is located in the thorax, where its delicate tissues are protected by the bony and muscular thoracic cage. The lung provides the tissues of the human body with a continuous flow of oxygen and clears the blood of the gaseous waste product, carbon dioxide. Atmospheric air is pumped in and out regularly through a system of pipes, called conducting airways, which join the gas-exchange region with the outside of the body. The airways can be divided into upper and lower airway systems. The transition between the two systems is located where the pathways of the respiratory and digestive systems cross, just at the top of the larynx.

human lungs

human lungs

The lungs serve as the gas-exchanging organ for the process of respiration.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

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BRITANNICA QUIZ

The Human Body

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The upper airway system comprises the nose and the paranasal cavities (or sinuses), the pharynx (or throat), and partly also the oral cavity, since it may be used for breathing. The lower airway system consists of the larynx, the trachea, the stem bronchi, and all the airways ramifying intensively within the lungs, such as the intrapulmonary bronchi, the bronchioles, and the alveolar ducts. For respiration, the collaboration of other organ systems is clearly essential. The diaphragm, as the main respiratory muscle, and the intercostal muscles of the chest wall play an essential role by generating, under the control of the central nervous system, the pumping action on the lung. The muscles expand and contract the internal space of the thorax, the bony framework of which is formed by the ribs and the thoracic vertebrae. The contribution of the lung and chest wall (ribs and muscles) to respiration is described below in The mechanics of breathing. The blood, as a carrier for the gases, and the circulatory system (i.e., the heart and the blood vessels) are mandatory elements of a working respiratory system (see blood; cardiovascular system).

human nasal cavity

human nasal cavity

Sagittal view of the human nasal cavity.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

The nasal cavity with its adjacent spaces is lined by a respiratory mucosa. Typically, the mucosa of the nose contains mucus-secreting glands and venous plexuses; its top cell layer, the epithelium, consists principally of two cell types, ciliated and secreting cells. This structural design reflects the particular ancillary functions of the nose and of the upper airways in general with respect to respiration. They clean, moisten, and warm the inspired air, preparing it for intimate contact with the delicate tissues of the gas-exchange area. During expiration through the nose, the air is dried and cooled, a process that saves water and energy.

Two regions of the nasal cavity have a different lining. The vestibule, at the entrance of the nose, is lined by skin that bears short thick hairs called vibrissae. In the roof of the nose, the olfactory bulb with its sensory epithelium checks the quality of the inspired air. About two dozen olfactory nerves convey the sensation of smell from the olfactory cells through the bony roof of the nasal cavity to the central nervous system.

The pharynx

For the anatomical description, the pharynx can be divided into three floors. The upper floor, the nasopharynx, is primarily a passageway for air and secretions from the nose to the oral pharynx. It is also connected to the tympanic cavity of the middle ear through the auditory tubes that open on both lateral walls. The act of swallowing opens briefly the normally collapsed auditory tubes and allows the middle ears to be aerated and pressure differences to be equalized. In the posterior wall of the nasopharynx is located a lymphatic organ, the pharyngeal tonsil. When it is enlarged (as in tonsil hypertrophy or adenoid vegetation), it may interfere with nasal respiration and alter the resonance pattern of the voice.

Answer 2

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➣ Respiratory system is responsible for the process of respiration. It involves exchange of gases, i.e, oxygen and carbon dioxide between body and surrounding. The body can't store oxygen, so, it is vital process and it is occurs all the time.

➣ The body takes up oxygen and passes it to whole body through blood. Respiratory system is divided into 2 major parts, upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract.

➣ Upper respiratory tract is composed of nose, pharynx and larynx.

Nasal cavity traps the dust particles. Air passes to lungs through pharynx, and larynx is essential for speech.

➣ Lower respiratory tract is composed of the trachea, the lungs, and bronchioles including alveoli.

➣ Trachea is the main pathway to lungs. Lungs are main site of gaseous exchange, they gives oxygen to capillaries and exhale carbon dioxide, Bronchi supply the lungs with air. Bronchioles are the branches of bronchus.

➣ They further branches into primary and secondary bronchioles. And they finally terminate into alveoli. Diaphragm contracts and relaxes to allow air into the lungs.

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