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Answers
1.i.The Mantle is the layer beneath the earth's crust. It consists of two layers: upper and lower mantle. The upper mantle is called asthenosphere, “astheno” is a Greek word meaning 'weak'. It iscalled weak layer because it is in liquid state where rock material deforms more readily, and magma formation takes place.
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The earth's rotation gives them eddy (circular) motion. Electric currents develop in these spiral eddies of liquid iron and thus magnetic field is generated. ... The magnetic field thus developed around the earth, is called magnetosphere
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2.i.Mantle is the centre of earthquakes and volcanic eruption because from the mantle lava and magma arises. Mantle is the part of earth lying beneath earth's crust. It has molten rock in it and also the epicentre of the earthquake is always there in the mantle.
ii.The crust below the continent is thicker than thatbelow the ocean. The average thickness below the continent is 35-40 km while that below the oceanis 7 km. The crust below the ocean though is denser.earth.
iii.It has been discovered that the location of metalsfound in the crust of earth is closely related totheir density and chemical properties. It is based on the principle of buoyancy and floatation in fluid dynamics. Higher the density of the metal, farther away it will be found from the surface of earth