Question

Friends please can any one help me writing an essay on vaccines

Answer 1

Over 200 years after Edward Jenner’s discovery (1798) of small pox vaccination, mankind benefits from this process more than ever before. Several new vaccines were evolved and are now made available to eradicate many diseases e.g. Jenner’s own first small pox vaccine has finally banished, in our time (1979), small pox from the earth.
The basic principle of vaccination remains quite the same as in Edward Jenner’s day; Jenner noticed that milkmaids who suffered from cow pox—a relatively harmless but contagious disease in cattle—did not contact the small pox.

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So, Jenner took some cow pox germs from Sarah Nelmes, a young milkmaid, who had fresh cow pox lesions on her fingers, and inoculated an eight year old boy with it. Later, he inoculated the boy again with the small pox germs and proved that the disease could not develop in the boy as the immune system of the boy started to act against small pox germs.
Louis Pasteur, almost hundred years later, discovered that a deadly germ could also offer protection against the disease it caused, if the germ is altered or killed and then injected. This provided a basis for developing at least 20 good vaccines. But recent advances in molecular biology and genetic engineering have led to a new era in vaccinology.
The first genetically engineered vaccine approved in 1986, was designed to prevent hepatitis B which affects an estimated 200 million people around the world. This vaccine was produced by using simple yeast cells into which was inserted the gene for the production of the disease causing virus’s outer-coating.
The outer coat itself is not infectious but on recognising the outer coat, an immune response can trigger a protective reaction against the whole virus.