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Answer:
1)
The word “kharif” is an Arabic word for autumn since the season coincides with the beginning of autumn or winter. Kharif crops can also be referred to as monsoon crops. These crops are usually sown with the beginning of the first rains in July during the south-west monsoon season and harvested by September or October. Examples of Kharif crops in India include: rice, turmeric, millets, maize, cotton, soybean, pigeon pea, mung bean, red chilies, sugarcane, groundnut, bajra, and jowar.
The term ‘’Rabi’’ is derived from the Arabic word meaning ‘spring’. Rabi crops also known as winter crops are sown around mid-November preferably after the monsoon rains are over, and harvesting begins in April/May. The crops are grown either with rainwater that has percolated into the ground or using irrigation. Examples of Rabi crops include: wheat, chickpea, gram, fennel, fenugreek, cumin, alfalfa, tomato, sesame, sunflower, linseed, mustard, peas, onion, coriander and barley.
3)
There are different methods of sowing.some of them are,
- Broadcasting.
- Dibbling.
- Drilling.
- Transplanting.
4)
Sowing by using a seed drill saves time and labour. The seed drill sows the seeds at equal distances and proper depth, ensuring that the seeds get covered with soil and saved from being eaten by birds. We can save time and less seeds are wasted by this method .
5)
A plough or plow is a farm tool for loosening or turning the soil before sowing seed or planting. Ploughs were traditionally drawn by oxen and horses, but in modern farms are drawn by tractors. A plough may have a wooden, iron or steel frame, with a blade attached to cut and loosen the soil.
The main advantages of soil ploughing are: The loosening and turning of soil during ploughing bring nutrient-rich soil to top. It improves air circulation so that roots can respire easily. Ploughing improves the water retaining capacity of the soil.
Tools used for ploughing are;
- Hoe
- Plough
- Cultivator