Question

full explanation about transportation in plants as well as animals

Answer 1

Two transport system in plants is xylem [caries water and minerals] and phloem [carry the prepared food (from the leaves) and hormones (made at the roots)].

ELEMENTS OF XYLEM:

1. Trachids (non living conducting tissues having thick walls).

2. Vessels(non living conducting tissues having thick walls).

3. Xylem Paranchyma (storage).

4. Xylem Fibers (mechanical support).

MECHANISM OF TRANSPORT OF WATER AND MINERALS IN A PLANT :

# The root hair absorb water and minerals from the soil by the process of diffusion and it is passed from cell to cell by osmosis and reaches the leaves.

# The evapouration of water from the leaves of the plant is called transpiration. The pressure at the top of the xylem vessels in a plant is reduced due to transpiration.

# The continuous evaporation of water or transpiration from the cells of a leaf creates a kind of suction-force which pulls up the water through the xylem vessels.

TRANSPORT OF FOOD AND OTHER SUBSTANCES THROUGH PHLOEM (known as 'translocation')

# Movement of food material and hormones through the phloem depends on the action of living cells called sieve tubes.

# The sugar made in the leaves is loaded into the sieve tubes by utilising energy from the ATP. Water now enters into the sieve tubes containing sugar, by which the pressure in the phloem rises allowing the food to be disturbed as per the needs of the plant.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRANSPORTANTION IN XYLEM AND TRANSPORTANTIONIN PHLOEM.

# The movement of water and dissorled salts in xylem is always upward from the soil to the leaves and is caused by the suction of water at the top due to the low pressure created by the transpiration from the leaves.

# The movement of the food in the phloem takes place by utilising the energy from ATP and it can be upwards or downwards depending on the needs of the plant.

IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPIRATION.

1. The ascent of sap -- the suction-force that creates the upward movement of water and minerals through the xylem.

2. Removal of excesss water.

3. Cooling effect regulates the temperature of the plant.

4. Absorbion and distribution of salts due to the continuous water current produced.

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