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Answer:
The phenomena of bending of light ray when it travels from
one medium to another medium due to change in speed of light
is called “refraction of light”.
According to optics, the medium
in which speed of light is
more is called rarer medium.
Only when the light ray travels along the normal to the surface,
it does not change the direction.
In all other cases, light bends during refraction.
Rarer medium
According to optics, the medium
in which speed of light is
less is called denser medium.
Denser medium
To understand refraction of light through figures, the following terms are important.
At the point of incidence where the light ray
strikes the interface between the two media,
a line drawn perpendicular to the surface
is known as normal. It is labeled as N
with the help of dotted line in the figure.
NORMAL
The angle between the incident light ray and
the normal is called angle of incidence. Denoted by Li
ANGLE OF
INCIDENCE ( i)
The angle between the refracted light ray and
the normal is called angle of refraction. Denoted by Lr
ANGLE OF
REFRACTION ( r)
When light ray travel from rarer medium
to denser medium,
the refracted light ray
deflects closer to the normal.