Question

Functional significance of suprnumerary chromosome

Answer 1

addition to the normal karyotype, wild populations of many animal, plant, and fungi species contain B chromosomes (also known as supernumerary, accessory, (conditionally-)dispensable, or lineage-specific chromosomes) . By definition, these chromosomes are not essential for the life of a species, and are lacking in some (usually most) of the individuals. Thus a population would consist of individuals with 0, 1, 2, 3 (etc.) supernumeraries.[1]

Most B chromosomes are mainly or entirely heterochromatic (and so would be largely non-coding), but some, such as the B chromosomes of maize, contain sizeable euchromatic segments. In general it seems unlikely that supernumeraries would persist in a species unless there was some positive adaptive advantage, which in a few cases has been identified. For instance, the British grasshopper Myrmeleotettix maculatus has two structural types of B chromosomes: metacentrics and submetacentrics. The supernumeraries, which have a satellite DNA, occur in warm, dry environments, and are scarce or absent in humid, cooler localities

Answer 2

Answer:

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Chromosomes are often referred to as the 'packaging material' that hold DNA and proteins together in eukaryotic cells (cells that have a nucleus). Cell division is a continuous process that must occur for an organism to function, whether for growth, repair, or reproduction.