Question

Functions of osmoregulation

Answer 1

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Kidneys play a very large role in human osmoregulation by regulating the amount of water reabsorbed from glomerular filtrate in kidney tubules, which is controlled by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone, and angiotensin II.

Answer 2

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The main function of osmoregulatiin in the Human body (also other animal bodies) is to maintain an isotonic balance of the watery solutions in the body between the jntracelluar environment and the extra cellular environment.

The tonicity of our blood stream is primarily regulated by the Sodium ion, with normal concentration of Sodium being 135–145 mEq/l. If Sodium concentration rises too high (hypernatremia) or falls too low (hyponatremia) then drastic changes occur in the function of cells throughout the body typically resulting in Coma, then seizures, then Death as the severity of the condition progresses.

However, there are other important components which can affect Serum Osmolarity. The normal human serum osmolarity is 280 to 300 mOsm/kg.

While Sodium is the primary ion regulated carefully by normal kidney function there are several other important ions including Potassium, Magnesium, Chlorine, Calcium, Phosphorous, and HCO3 called Bicarbonate. Each positively charged ion (Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium) has to be balanced by thenegatively charged ions (Chloride, Bicarbonate Phosphorus) to keep electrical charge balance.

Albumen is a blood protein that also plays an important role preventing fluid leaking into the tissue Interstitium, but it does not play a role in blood Osmolarity directly.

Isotonic is a descriptive word relating to isotonicity. In cellular level, isotonicity may pertain to a property of a solution in which its solute concentration is the same as the solute concentration of another solutionwith which it is compared. Thus, a solution is described as isotonic when the other solution being compared with have the same (or equal) osmotic pressure and same water potential since the two solutions have an equal concentration of water molecules. It may also pertain to a condition or property of a solution that has the same tonicityas the other solution with which it is compared. For example, blood serum is isotonic to a physiologic salt solution. Solutions that have same tonicity will result in no net flow of water across the cell membrane.

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