fundemental duties are responsibilities which individual have to perform towards themselves analyse
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Fundamental Duties are included in Part IV A of the constitution. Certain duties are to be performed by the citizens towards the state to protect the unity and integrity of the nation.
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Indian Constitution: Rights and Duties Textual
The Following are the Duties in Our Constitution:
a) To abide by the constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem- It is the duty of every citizen to respect the ideals, which include liberty, justice, equality, fraternity, and institutions namely, executive, the legislature and the judiciary. Hence all of us are supposed to maintain the dignity of the constitution by not indulging in any activities which violate them in letter and spirit. It also states that if a citizen by any overt or covert act shows disrespect to the constitution, the National Anthem, or the National Flag it would spell doom to all our rights and very existence as citizens of a sovereign nation.
b) To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom-The citizens of India must cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired the national struggle for freedom. These ideals were those of building a just society and a united nation with freedom, equality, non-violence, brotherhood, and world peace. If the citizens of India remain conscious of and committed to these ideals, we will be able to rise above the various separatist tendencies raising their ugly heads now and then, here and there.
c) To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India- it is one of the pre-eminent national obligations of all the citizens of India. India is a vast and diverse nation with different caste, religion, sex, and linguistic people; if freedom and unity of the country are jeopardized then a united nation is not possible. Hence in a way sovereignty lies with the people. It may be recalled that these were first mentioned in the preamble and also under 19(2) of fundamental rights reasonable restrictions are permitted on freedom of speech and expression in the interest of the sovereignty and integrity of India.
d) To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so – it is the duty of every citizen to defend our country against external enemies. All the citizens are bound to be conscious of any such elements entering India and also when in need, they should be ready to take up arms to defend themselves. It is addressed to all the citizens other than those belonging to the army, navy, and air force.
e) To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women – Given the vast diversities among people, the presence of one flag and single citizenship strengthens the spirit of brotherhood among the citizens. It states that people should rise above narrow cultural differences and strive towards excellence in all spheres of collective activity.
f) To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture – our cultural heritage is one of the noblest and richest, it is also part of the heritage of the earth. Hence it is our duty to protect what we have inherited from the past, preserve it, and pass it on to future generations. India is also one of the most ancient civilizations in the world. Our contributions towards art, science, literature is well known to the world, also this land is the birthplace of Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism.
g) To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures – these natural reserves are the most valued assets of our country hence it is the duty of every citizen to protect them. Rising pollution, large scale degradation of forests is causing immense harm to all the human lives on earth. Increasing natural calamities is proof of it. It is also reinforced in other constitutional provision under article 48A i.e. Directive Principles of State Policy which states that, to protect and improve the environment and safeguard the forests and wildlife
h) To develop the scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform – It is a known fact that it is necessary to learn from the experiences and developments around the world for our own development. It is the duty of every citizen to protect and promote scientific temper and spirit of inquiry to keep pace with the fast-changing world.
• Some of them are difficult to be understood by common people
• Criticized for being moral precepts, pious platitudes, vague and repetitive
• No need to be implemented as they all are performed by the people even if not included
• Their inclusion in Part IV-A after fundamental rights has reduced their value and significance.
• Some of the important points which were recommended by Swaran Singh committee were not included, such as
1. Parliament should impose penalty or punishment in case of non-compliance of duties