funes are ctesent shaped with hornes of cresent trailing downwards
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11.11.4.1 Barchan Dunes and Transverse Ridges
Barchan dunes represent the classic dune morphology, displaying a crescentic shape with crests aligned perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction and horns directed parallel to it. Good examples occur on the Skeleton Coast of Namibia (Baddock et al., 2007, 2011; Weaver and Wiggs, 2011), in the Pampa La Joya of Peru (Gay, 1999), and on the western coast of Morocco (Elbelrhiti et al., 2008). Where coupled with appreciable sand supply, barchans link up to form transverse ridges. These dune types range in size from a minimum of 1 m in height (Elbelrhiti et al., 2005) to over 50 m and, existing in regions with little wind directional variability (commonly near coastal regions or on the edges of dune fields), they are the most dynamic in terms of speed of downwind movement and together make up approximately 10% of desert dunes globally (Breed and Grow, 1979). Barchans and transverse ridges represent migratory forms and are the types of dune that cause the most hazard to human activity with regard to accretion on roads, railways, and communication lines (Dong et al., 2000, 2004b).