G. Long Answer Type Questions:
1. What are the various categories in which we can classify changes? Explain giving an example of each
Answers
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Explanation:
Physical and Chemical Changes
We see ice melting into water, water boiling to vapours and vapours precipitating into the water droplets on cooling. These are some of the examples of Physical Changes since the transition is in the Physical Properties of Water. Substances in Nature undergo various types of changes. The changes that they can undergo are widely classified into two categories viz. Physical and Chemical Changes.
Separating Soluble Solids From Liquids
Corrosion
Physical Changes
Chemical Changes
Changes in the Physical Properties of a Substance are known as Physical Changes. Physical Properties of a Substance include colour, size, shape, state, temperature, odour, appearance, texture and many more. In addition, Physical Changes do not lead to the formation of new substances. Physical Changes may or may not be reversible.
Examples of Physical Change
Breaking/Crushing of any Object
Expansion of Metal on Heating
Dissolving Sugar or Salt (Solute) in Water (Solvent) (as a result, a solution is formed)
Solidification of Molten Metal on Cooling
Shredding Paper
Browse more Topics under Physical Chemical Changes
Crystallisation
Rusting of Iron
Chemical Changes
One or more substances, at times, react with one another or substances which are readily available in the environment. This consequently leads to the formation of a new substance(s). The formation of the new substance can also be accompanied by one or more of the following:
Emission of Heat (Exothermic Reaction) as a result of a Chemical Changes
Absorption of Heat (Endothermic Reaction) as a result of a Chemical Changes
Emission Light as a result of a Chemical Changes
Production of Sound as a result of a Chemical Changes
Change or emission of Odour as a result of a Chemical Changes
Emission of Gas as a result of a Chemical Changes
and so on.
Examples of Chemical Change
Rusting of Iron (Read)
Souring of Milk
Ripening of Fruits
Digestion of Food
Bursting of Crackers
Learn more about the Chemistry of Rusting of Iron here.
Solved Examples for You
Question: Which among the following is not a physical change?
Melting of solids to liquids
Vaporisation of liquids to gasses
Liquification of gasses to liquids
Decay of matter
Solution: D. The decay of matter is nuclear phenomenon so this is not a physical change, apart from this all other changes are physical changes.
Question: Which of the following represents effect/(s) of a chemical change?
Heat, light or any other radiation (ultraviolet, for example) may be given off or absorbed.
A sound may be produced.
A change in smell may take place or a new smell may be given off.
All of the above.
Solution: D. The following represents effect/(s) of a chemical change. Heat, light or any other radiation (ultraviolet, for example) may be given off or absorbed. A sound may be produced. A change in smell may take place or a new smell may be given off. A colour change may take place. A gas may be formed.
Question: Which of the following are physical changes?
(i) Melting of iron metal
(ii) Rusting of iron
(iii) Bending of an iron rod
(iv) Drawing a wire of iron metal
(i), (ii) and (iii)
(ii), (iii) and (iv)
(i), (iii) and (iv)
(i), (ii) and (iv)
Solution: C
Chemical Change
Rusting of iron is a redox reaction and its a chemical change, apart from this all others are physical changes.The rusting of Iron (Iron in contact with water forms the anode and in contact with air forms the cathode. At the anode, iron is oxidised to Fe2+ and at the cathode, oxygen is reduced to water.
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