Question

(g) What do you understand by mutual perception' in
America in the 17th century?​

Answer 1

Answer:

Life of Natives: The native peoples lived in bands, in villages along river valleys. They ate fish and meat, and cultivated vegetables and maize. They often went on long journeys in search of bison for meat. They did not practice extensive agriculture. So, they did not produce a surplus, and did not develop kingdoms and empires as in Central and South America. There were stray incidents of quarrels between tribes over territory. But by and large control of land was not an issue. An important feature of their tradition was of making formal alliances and friendships, and exchanging gifts. Goods were obtained not by buying, but as gifts.

European Traders: The European traders reached North America to trade in fish and furs. The native people were experts at hunting, and willingly helped the Europeans. Along the Mississippi river, the French found that the natives held regular gatherings. Those gatherings were held to exchange handicrafts unique to a tribe or food items not available in other regions. The Europeans gave the natives blankets, iron vessels, guns and alcohol, in exchange of local products. In due course of time, the natives became addicted to alcohol. This enabled the Europeans to dictate terms of trade to the natives.

Answer 2

Answer:

Native Americans resisted European attempts to colonise more land and establish greater control over them during the colonial era, but they found it challenging to do so due to a number of problems, including new diseases, the slave trade, and an ever-increasing European population.

Explanation:

• During the colonial era, there were several conflicts between Native Americans and European settlers.
• They resisted attempts by the Europeans to use force and diplomacy to increase their control over them.
• The Native Americans faced challenges that kept them from reaching their goal, including new diseases, the slave trade, and the gradually growing European population in North America.

• As European nations competed for control of the already colonized region in the "New World," some leaders formed alliances with Native American nations to resist outside powers.
• Some important alliances were formed during the French and Indian War, which lasted from 1754 until 1763.

• While the English sided with the Iroquois Confederacy, the Algonquian-speaking tribes allied with the French and Spanish.
• After winning the war, the English seized control of all the land east of the Mississippi.
• Native Americans who backed England were given a portion of that region in the hopes that it would halt European expansion, but it only helped to delay it.
• After the French and Indian War, Europeans continued to invade the country and attack Native Americans.

• Native Americans experienced a variety of problems that would only get worse in the 19th century, leading to more incarceration and the extinction of the native population.

• Unfortunately, the long, horrifying history of how Europeans and their descendants treated Native Americans throughout the United States did not begin or finish with the colonial era.

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