Gandhian Ideology and induan's freedom struggle easy
Answers
The two pillars of Gandhism are truth and nonviolence. The term "Gandhism" also encompasses what Gandhi's ideas, words, and actions mean to people around the world and how they used them for guidance in building their own future.
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi was known for his non-violence protest and was a leading figure of freedom movements whether in India or South Africa. With his efforts finally India got freedom from the colonial rule. He always gave importance to human rights. No doubt, Mahatma Gandhi is a true inspiration not only for the past generation but also for the generations to come with his ideology of non-violence, truth, tolerance and social welfare. On Gandhi Jayanti occasion let us have a look about some major nationalist movements that played a crucial role in the freedom struggle.
Before discussing major movements of Mahatma Gandhi let us see some work of Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa.
In 1906-07, Mahatma Gandhi started a Satyagraha in South Africa against the compulsory registration and passes for Indians.
In 1910, he announced Satyagraha against emigration and restriction in Natal (South-Africa).
Some influences on the carrier of Mahatma Gandhi
His socio-cultural background especially the impact of Vaishnav Movement.
Bhagvat Gita impact.
Impact of Bible.
John Ruskin’s text ‘Un to the Last’.
Impact of Emerson Thoreau
Impact of Leo Tolstoy
Why Gandhi Jayanti is celebrated on 2nd October?
Ads by Jagran.TV
Apart from that Mahatma Gandhi was a man of Action and his personal experiences also led impact on personality.
On 9 January 1915, Mahatma Gandhi returned back to India from South-Africa at the age of approx 46. After that he travelled in different parts of India to understand the situation of India. In 1916, he founded the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad (Gujarat) to preach the idea.
Major movements of Mahatma Gandhi are as follows:
Champaran Satyagraha (1917): In Champaran district of Bihar the condition of Indigo cultivators became miserable under Tinkathiya system. Under this system the cultivators were forced to cultivate Indigo on the best 3/20th part of their land and were forced to sell them at a cheaper price. The situation for the farmers became worse due to harsh weather conditions and levy of heavy taxes. Then, Rajkumar Shukla met Mahatma Gandhi at Lucknow and invited him.
At Champaran, Mahatma Gandhi adopted the approach of civil disobedience movement and launched demonstrations and strikes against the landlords. As a result, the government set up a Champaran agrarian committee of which Gandhi ji was also one of the members. All the demands of the cultivators were accepted and the Satyagraha was successful.
Kheda Satyagraha (1917 -1918): A no-tax campaign was started by Mohan Lal Pandey in 1917 who demanded the remission of taxes due to poor harvest or crop failure in Kheda village, Gujarat. Mahatma Gandhi was invited and he joined the movement on 22 March, 1918. There, he started Satyagraha. The movement was also joined by Vallabhbhai Patel and Indulal Yagnik. Finally, the demands were fulfilled by the British government and it was successful.
Khilafat Movement (1919): Khilafat movement was started by the Ali brothers to show the protest against unjust done with the Turkey after the First World War. Under the guidance of Mahatma Gandhi the movement was launched against the British government to restore the collapsing status of the Caliph in Turkey. All India Conference was held in Delhi where Mahatma Gandhi was elected as a president. He also returned the medals received from the British Empire in South Africa. The success of the Khilafat movement made him the national leader.
Non-Cooperation Movement (1920): Non-Cooperation movement was launched in 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi due to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. Mahatma Gandhi thought that this will continue and Britishers will enjoy their control over Indians. With the help of Congress, Gandhi ji convinced people for starting non-cooperation movement in a peaceful way which is key factor to attain independence. He framed the concept of Swaraj and it became a crucial element in the Indian freedom struggle. The movement gained momentum and people started boycotting the products and establishments of British government like schools, colleges, government offices. But due to Chauri Chaura incident, Mahatma Gandhi ended the movement because in this incident 23 police officials were killed.
Civil-Disobedience Movement (1930): Mahatma Gandhi in March 1930 addressed the nation in a newspaper, Young India and expressed his willingness to suspend the movement if his eleven demands get accepted by the government. But the government at that time was of Lord Irwin and he did not respond back to him. As a result, Mahatma Gandhi initiated the movement with full vigour.