Question

General characteristics of bacteria (10 marks)

Answer 1

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☞ᴄʜᴀʀᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪsᴛɪᴄs ᴏғ ʙᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴀ

• ʙᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴀ ᴀʀᴇ sɪɴɢʟᴇ-ᴄᴇʟʟᴇᴅ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪsᴍs.
• ᴛʜᴇʏ ʟᴀᴄᴋ ᴏʀɢᴀɴᴇʟʟᴇs sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs ᴄʜʟᴏʀᴏᴘʟᴀsᴛs ᴀɴᴅ ᴍɪᴛᴏᴄʜᴏɴᴅʀɪᴀ.
• ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴅᴏ ɴᴏᴛ ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʀᴜᴇ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴜs ғᴏᴜɴᴅ ɪɴ ᴇᴜᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛɪᴄ ᴄᴇʟʟs.
• ʙᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴀ ᴀʟsᴏ ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴀ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ.
• ᴀ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴡᴀʟʟ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ɪs ᴏғᴛᴇɴ ᴍᴀᴅᴇ ᴏғ ᴘᴇᴘᴛɪᴅᴏɢʟʏᴄᴀɴ ɪs ᴀʟsᴏ ᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛ ʜᴇʀᴇ.

EXAMPLE-:COCCUS , BACILLUS,MYCOPLASAM, CYNOBACTERIA, etc

Answer 2

Answer:

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms which are prokaryotic cells without organelles or a real nucleus and are less complex than eukaryotic cells.

Explanation:

•A sizable domain of prokaryotic microorganisms is made up of bacteria.

•In the majority of the planet's habitats, bacteria can be found. They were among the first life forms to emerge on Earth. In soil, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, water, and deep below the Earth's crust, bacteria can flourish. They also thrive in organic debris and the living bodies of plants and animals, giving rise to spectacular examples of mutualism in the gastrointestinal tracts of people, termites, and cockroaches.

• The similarities between bacteria and other prokaryotes include:

1. missing organelles with membranes

2. division by binary-fission due to unicellularity

3. Small size in general

•Few big intracellular structures are present in bacteria since they often do not have membrane-bound organelles in their cytoplasm.

• Devoid of a genuine nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and other eukaryotic cell organelles like the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum, they don't have any of these features.

•Bacteria were once seen as simple bags of cytoplasm, but elements such as prokaryotic cytoskeleton, and the localization of proteins to specific locations within the cytoplasm have been found to show levels of complexity.

•These subcellular compartments have been called “bacterial hyperstructures”.