Question

General method of preparation of bacterial vaccines

Answer 1

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired ... Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread ...

Answer 2

General method of preparation of bacterial vaccines

Explanation:

• Some bacteria cause disease by making a harmful protein called a toxin. Several vaccines are made by taking toxins and inactivating them with a chemical (the toxin, once inactivated, is called a toxoid). By inactivating the toxin, it no longer causes disease. The diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccines are made this way.

• Another strategy to make a bacterial vaccine is to use part of the sugar coating (or polysaccharide) of the bacteria. Protection against infection by certain bacteria is based on immunity to this sugar coating (and not the whole bacteria). However, because young children don't make a very good immune response to the sugar coating alone, the coating is linked to a harmless protein (this is called a "conjugated polysaccharide" vaccine). The Haemophilus influenzae type B (or Hib), pneumococcal, and some meningococcal vaccines are made this way.

• Two meningococcal vaccines, which prevent against one particular type of the bacterium (type B) not contained in the other meningococcal vaccines, are made using two or more proteins from the bacteria, not the bacterial polysaccharide.

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