Generally many criminals do not get the punishment for their crimes in this world. Abed was thinking
whether they would ever get punishment or not? For this purpose he asked to his teacher. His teacher replied
that some criminals get punishment in this world and some do not. But, every man must get punishment for
his/her crime in Akhirat. Allah says, "I shall set up a scale of justice in the day of judgment." Hearing this
Abed got frightened in Akhirat.
Questions:
(a) What is Akhirat ?
(b) Why is it necessary to believe in mentioned aspect?
(c) How the fear of mentioned topic can change Abed's life? Explain.
(d) Explain the Ayat or verse mentioned in the stem according to your text book.
Answers
Answer:
Religious violence is a term that covers phenomena where religion is either the subject or the object of violent behavior.[1] Religious violence is violence that is motivated by, or in reaction to, religious precepts, texts, or the doctrines of a target or an attacker. It includes violence against religious institutions, people, objects, or events. Religious violence does not exclusively refer to acts which are committed by religious groups, instead, includes acts which are committed against religious groups.
"Violence" is a very broad concept that is difficult to define since it is used on both human and non-human objects.[2] Furthermore, the term can denote a wide variety of experiences such as blood shedding, physical harm, forcing against personal freedom, passionate conduct or language, or emotions such as fury and passion.[3]
"Religion" is a complex and problematic modern western concept.[4][5] Though there is no scholarly consensus over what a religion is,[6][4][5] in general, religion is conceived today as an abstraction which entails beliefs, doctrines, and sacred places. The link between religious belief and behavior is problematic. Decades of anthropological, sociological, and psychological research has shown that the assumption that behaviors follow directly from religious beliefs and values is false because people's religious ideas are fragmented, loosely connected, and context-dependent just like in all other domains of culture and life.[7] In general, religions, ethical systems, and societies rarely promote violence as an end in itself since violence is universally undesirable.[2] At the same time, there is a universal tension between the general desire to avoid violence and the acceptance of justifiable uses of violence to prevent a "greater evil" that permeates all cultures.[2]
Religious violence, like all violence, is a cultural process that is context-dependent and very complex.[8] Oversimplifications of "religion" and "violence" often lead to misguided understandings of causes for why some people commit acts of violence and why most people do not commit such acts in the first place.[8] Violence is perpetrated for a wide variety of ideological reasons and religion is generally only one of many contributing social and political factors that can lead to unrest. Studies of supposed cases of religious violence often conclude that violence is strongly driven by ethnic animosities rather than by religious worldviews.[9] Recently, scholars have questioned the very concept of "religious violence" and the extent to which religious, political, economic, or ethnic aspects of a conflict are even meaningful.[10] Some observe that the very concept of "religion" is a modern invention and not something that is historical or universal across cultures, which makes "religious violence" a modern myth.[10][11] Since all cases of violence include social, political, and economic dimensions; there is no consensus on definitions of "religion", and no way to isolate "religion" from the rest of the more likely motivational dimensions, it is incorrect to label any violent event as "religious".[11][10] Numerous cases of supposed acts of religious violence such as the Thirty Years War, the French Wars of Religion, the Protestant-Catholic conflict in Ireland, the Sri Lankan Civil War, 9/11 and other terrorist attacks, the Bosnian War, and the Rwandan Civil War were all primarily motivated by social, political, and economic issues rather than religion.[11]