Geographical division of india according to climate
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The climates of India are mainly divided into four different groups. The classification of these groups is based on the Koppen climate classification system.
Tropical Wet (Humid): The tropical wet (humid) climate group in India is divided into two sub parts- tropical monsoon climate or the tropical wet climate, and tropical wet and dry climate or savannah climate. The Western Ghats, the Malabar Coast, southern Assam, Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar Islands have the tropical monsoon climate. It experiences moderate to high temperature with seasonal but heavy rainfall. The months from May to November experience the most rainfall and the rain received during this period is sufficient for vegetation throughout the year. Tropical wet and dry climate or the savannah climate is most common in the country and prevails mainly in the inland peninsular region of the country except for some portion of the Western Ghats. The summers are extremely hot and the rainy season extends from the month of June to September.
Tropical Dry: The tropical dry climate group is divided into three subdivisions-(a) tropical semi-arid (steppe) climate, (b) sub-tropical arid (desert) climate and (c) sub-tropical semi-arid (steppe) climate. Karnataka, central Maharashtra, some parts of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh experience the tropical semi-arid (steppe) climate. Rainfall is very unreliable in this type of climate and the hot and dry summers are experienced from March to May. With scanty and erratic rainfall and extreme summers, western Rajasthan witnesses the sub-tropical arid (desert) climate. The areas of the tropical desert that runs from the regions of Punjab and Haryana to Kathiawar witness the sub-tropical semi-arid (steppe) climate. The maximum temperature in summers goes up to 40°C and the rains are unreliable and generally take place during summer monsoon season in this climate.
Sub-tropical Humid Climate: This climate is witnessed by most of the North and Northeast India. Summers are very hot, while in winters, temperature can plunge to as low as 0°C. Rainfall mainly occurs in summers but snowfall or occasional rainfall in winters is also witnessed in some areas. The hottest months are May and June and frost also occurs for few months in winters.
Mountain Climate: The temperature falls by 0.6°C for every 100 m rise in altitude in the Himalayas and results in a number of climates from tropical to tundra. The trans-Himalayan belt, which is the northern side of the western Himalayas, is cold, arid and windswept. There is less rain in the leeward side of the mountains whereas heavy rainfall is received by the well exposed slopes. Heaviest snowfall occurs between the months of December to February.