Question

give a brief account of political fragmentation of Italy.
OR
Examine the condition of Italy before unification.​

Answer 1

question; give a brief account of political fragmentation of Italy.                                            answer;         Italy had a long history of political fragmentation are (a) Italians were scattered over several dynastic states as well as the multi-national Habsburg empire. ... (c) The North under Austrian Habsburgs, the center was ruled by the pope and the southern regions were under the domination of the Bourbon kings of Spain.