Give a brief account of the mechanism of synaptic transmission.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Synapse is a junction between two neurons. It is present between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of next neuron separated by a cleft.
There are two ways of synaptic transmission.
(1) Chemical transmission
(2) Electrical transmission
1. Chemical transmission: When a nerve impulse reaches the end plate of the axon, it releases a neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) across the synaptic cleft. This chemical is synthesized in the cell body of the neuron and is transported to the axon terminal. The acetylcholine diffuses across the cleft and binds to the receptors present on the membrane of next neuron. This causes depolarization of membrane and initiates an action potential.
2. Electrical transmission: In this type of transmission, an electric current is formed in the neuron. This electric current generates an action potential and leads to transmission of a nerve impulse across the nerve fibre. This represents a faster method of nerve conduction than the chemical method of transmission.
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A nerve impulse travels from one neuron to another neuron through a junction called synapse.
It is formed by the membranes of a pre-synaptic neuron and a post-synaptic neuron and may or may not be separated by synaptic cleft. There are two types of synapses :
- Electrical synapses
- Chemical synapses.
The electrical synapses, the membranes of pre- and post-synaptic neurons are in proximity so the electrical current flows directly from one neuron into the other. Transmission of an impulse across electrical synapses is similar to impulse conduction along a single axon and transmission is always faster than that of chemical synapses.
And in chemical synapse, the membranes of the pre- and post-synaptic neurons are separated by a fluid-filled space called synaptic cleft. Chemicals such as the neurotransmitters are involved in the mechanism of impulse condition.