give a brief review on powder
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Advantages over conventional manufacturing techniques
MIM has several advantages over conventional manufacturing techniques such as machining, casting, and investment casting, and in some cases over additive manufacturing as well. Machining is a well-established manufacturing technique. Many metals can be machined. However, it is capital and labor-intensive. Furthermore, the lag time associated with the machining operation is a drag on productivity. On the other hand, investment casting can precision manufacture complicated shapes; it is an expensive and laborious process. Press and sinter operations of conventional powder metallurgy are useful in producing simpler shapes and generally result in lower densities and inferior mechanical properties, as compared to MIM.
MIM is capable of producing parts that are as dense as machined-wrought metal parts. It provides net- or near-net-shape metal components with complex geometries, high precision, superior mechanical properties, in medium or large production quantities at a very competitive cost (Fig. 1.6). Small parts with tight tolerances can be produced at a lower cost than machining or investment casting.
One may argue that additive manufacturing can be an excellent alternative for MIM. However, the current status of additive manufacturing dictates that it is best situated for low production volumes only. Moreover, some alloys are yet to be successfully developed by a viable additive manufacturing process. Nonetheless, MIM is cost-effective in large production volumes only. If the limited volume or customer-specific products are required, then additive manufacturing or investment casting should be preferred.
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