Question

Give a chemical test to distinguish between dilute and concentrated NITRIC ACID.

Answer 1

Add a drop a the acid to a solution of silver nitrate. If you get a precipitate it's HCl: 

AgNO3(aq) + HCl(aq) --> AgCl(s) + HNO3(aq)

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Answer 2

Answer:

I have two methods to distinguish between concentrated and dilute nitric acid

Method 1: Using magnesium/manganese.

Mg + 2HNO₃ (1%) → Mg(NO₃) + H₂

very very dilute

Mg + 4HNO₃ → Mg(NO₃)+ 2H₂O +2NO₂

concentrated

In the first reaction of magnesium with concentrated nitric acid, hydrogen is evolved.

In the second reaction of magnesium with very very dilute nitric acid, water is evolved.

Using the respective tests for hydrogen and water, we can test them.

Method 2: Using iron.

3 Fe + 8HNO₃→ 3Fe(NO₃)₂ + 4H₂O + 2NO

dilute

Fe + 6HNO₃→ Fe(NO₃)₃ + 3H₂O + 3NO₂

    concentrated

In the first case of method 2,

Fe(NO₃)₂ ⇆ Fe²⁺ + (NO₃) ⁻       Iron with valency 2+ is formed

In the second case of method 2,

Fe(NO₃)₃ ⇄ Fe³⁺ + (NO₃) ⁻        Iron with valency 3+ is formed

Hope this answer helps you. Have a nice day.