Question

Give a chemical test to distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydroc
arbon

Answer 1

Saturated hydrocarbons :--

In saturated hydrocarbons all Carbon atoms are bonded to other carbon atoms through carbon - carbon single bonds.

Unsaturated hydrocarbons :In unsaturated hydrocarbons their exists carbon = carbon double bond or carbon =- carbon triple Bond.

CHEMICAL TEST to distinguish between saturated and unsaturated compounds :

1.BY BAEYER'S REAGENT : An alkaline solution of KMnO4 is known as Baeyer's reagent .

Take a small amount of saturated and unsaturated compounds in two different test tubes. A drop of Alkaline solution of KMnO4 is added to both the test tubes. The pink colour of Alkaline KMnO4 solution gets discharged in the test tube containing unsaturated compounds, while the pink colour of Alkaline KMnO4 solution does not get decolorize (no change) in the test tube containing saturated compounds.

2. BY BROMINE WATER : The colour of bromine water is brown.•With bromine water saturated compounds do not decolourise bromine water.•With bromine water unsaturated compounds decolourises the bromine water.

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Answer 2

$\bold{HYDROCARBONS}$

◼Hydrocarbons are the compoun made up of hydrogen and carbon .

$\bold{TYPES \: OF \:HYDROCARBONS}$

◼There are two types of hydrocarbons :-

▶Saturated

✳Alkane - Hydrocarbons which contains carbon and hydrogen in $C_nH_(2n+2) ,$ with single covalent among carbon atoms.

▶Unsaturated

✳Alkene - Hydrocarbons which contains carbon and hydrogen in $C_nH_2n ,$with double covalent among carbon atoms.

✳Akyne - Hydrocarbons which contains carbon and hydrogen in $C_nH_(2n-2) ,$with thriple covalent among carbon atoms.

$\bold{TO \: DISTINGUISH \: BETWEEN\: SATURATED \: AND \: UNSATURATED \: HYDROCARBON}$

◼When Bromine is added to alkanes as methane.

▶Alkanes by subsitution reacting forms

✳Monobromethane

✳Dibromomethane

✳Tribromomethane

✳Tetrabromomethane

And a reddish brown fumes evolves which is bromine.

◼When Bromine is added to alkenes or alkynes as methane.

▶Alkenes forms 1,2dibromoethane

while the brown colour of bromine discharges .

▶Alkynes forms 1,1,2 ,2 tetrabromoethane and the brown colour of bromine discharges.