Give a detailed account of darwin's theory of natural selection explain sample lungue
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In 1859, Charles Darwin set out his theory of evolution by natural selection as an explanation for adaptation and speciation. He defined natural selection as the "principle by which each slight variation [of a trait], if useful, is preserved".Darwin's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. More individuals are produced each generation that can survive. Phenotypic variation exists among individuals and the variation is heritable. Those individuals with heritable traits better suited to the environment will survive.
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The theory of natural selection proposed by Darwin in the year 1859 (Darwinism) : This theory states that the organisms evolution through natural selection and accumulation of inheritable variations.
Some of the features of the theory are :-
1. Limited food and space:- continuous consumption of food causes scarcity and even population of different species cannot increase their consumption beyond a certain limit.
2. Struggle for existence:- It is said, “Survival of the fittest”. So there are always competition going on among organisms for resources.
3. Variations:- New species arrive when there are variations such as in structure, size and physiology.
4. Inheritance of useful variations:- Next generation acquires the same process to get variations and natural selection. And formation of new variations by accumulations completely produces new species.